“…Persons living in the Oriente have significantly higher risks for disease (Table 1) and approximately thirty percent of reported mortality has no known cause due to the lack of health resources compared to just 10–15% in the Costa and Sierra (INEC, 2001a). Although vector-borne and zoonotic diseases are slightly more common in coastal provinces, several diseases are endemic in the NEA such as leishmaniasis (Calvopina, Armijos, & Hashiguchi, 2004), Chagas disease (Aguilar V, Abad-Franch, Racines V, & Paucar, 1999; Grijalva, Escalante, Paredes, Costales, Padilla, Rowland et al, 2003), and malaria, which was considered eliminated in the 1970s but reemerged partly due to lack of coordination in the design and implementation of effective control strategies (San Sebastian, Jativa, & Goicolea, 2000). As with other regions of Amazonia, chronic malnutrition, stunting and parasitic infection is endemic, particularly among indigenous children (Buitrón, Hurtig, & San Sebastián, 2004; Orr, Dufour, & Patton, 2001; Quizhpe, San Sebastián, Hurtig, & Llamas, 2003; San Sebastián & Santi, 1999), which increases their risks for other diseases.…”