Epidemiology of Malaria Using LED Fluorescence Microscopy among Schoolchildren in Douala, Cameroon

Lehman, Léopold Gustave; Foko, Loick Pradel Kojom; Tonga, Calvin; Nyabeyeu, Hervé Nyabeyeu; Eboumbou, Else; Nono, Larissa Kouodjip; Kangam, Lafortune; Ngapmen, Arlette; Ndemba, Peguy Brice Assomo; Matip, Isabelle; Nolla, Nicolas Policarpe

doi:10.9734/ijtdh/2018/38804

Cited by 19 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The overall malaria parasitaemia of 41.7% observed by microscopy in the study population reveals malaria remains a major cause of illness during childhood. The observation is similar to that reported by Lehman et al [ 35 ] in schoolchildren from the Littoral Region of Cameroon. However, the prevalence is lower than the 66.9% reported earlier in children ≤ 14 in Tole community [ 27 ] and the 45.3% in pupils between 4 and 16 years in other areas in the Mount Cameroon area [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Malaria parasitaemia, anaemia and malnutrition in children less than 15 years residing in different altitudes along the slope of Mount Cameroon: prevalence, intensity and risk factors

Teh

Sumbele

Meduke

et al. 2018

Malar J

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BackgroundMalaria, anaemia and malnutrition are frequently co-existing diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality particularly among children. This study measured the prevalence, intensity and evaluated risk factors for malaria parasitaemia, anaemia and malnutrition among children living at low versus high altitude settings in the Mount Cameroon area.MethodsA cross-sectional community based survey involving 828 children aged 6 months to 14 years was conducted between July and November 2017. Malaria parasitaemia was confirmed by light microscopy, haemoglobin concentration was measured using an auto haematology analyser, nutritional status was determined from the anthropometric measurements collected, and socioeconomic status related variables by the use of questionnaire. Anaemia and malnutrition were defined according to World Health Organization standards. Associations between predictor variables and primary outcomes were assessed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsMalaria parasite and anaemia were prevalent in 41.7% and 56.2% of the children, respectively while, malnutrition prevalence was 34.8% with wasting, underweight and stunting occurring in 25.7%, 19.9% and 23.7% of them respectively. Overall malaria parasite geometric mean density was 413/µL of blood (range 100–27,060). The odds of having malaria parasitaemia was highest in children 5–9 years of age [odd ratio (OR) = 1.69, P = 0.006], living in lowland (OR = 1.48, P = 0.008) as well as those whose domestic water was collected from an open source (streams/springs) (OR = 1.81, P = 0.005) than their counterparts. Being < 5 years (OR = 3.15, P = < 0.001) or 5–9 years (OR = 2.20, P < 0.001) of age, having malaria parasite (OR = 2.07, P = < 0.001) and fever in the past 2 days (OR = 1.52, P < 0.04) were identified as significant risk factors of anaemia while the age group < 5 years was the only significant risk (OR = 3.09, P = < 0.001) associated with malnutrition.ConclusionWhile age specific attention should be given in the control of malaria (5–9 years), anaemia (< 10 years) and malnutrition (< 5 years), the existing malaria control programmes should be revised to integrate anaemia and malnutrition control strategies so as to improve upon the health of the children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Malaria parasitaemia, anaemia and malnutrition in children less than 15 years residing in different altitudes along the slope of Mount Cameroon: prevalence, intensity and risk factors

Teh

Sumbele

Meduke

et al. 2018

Malar J

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“…reported by Eyong et al [32] in pupils between 4 and 16 years in other areas in the Mount Cameroon area. In addition, a similar prevalence (45.47%) was reported among school children in the Littoral Region, another coastal area of the country [33]. Worthy of note is that, this prevalence is lower than the 60.5% obtained by Ndamukong-Nyanga et al [34] in a lowland study in the Mount Cameroon area.…”

Section: Malaria Parasite Itn Knowledge and Haematological Indicessupporting

confidence: 73%

Insecticide Treated Net Ownership, Utilization and Knowledge of Malaria in Children Residing in Batoke-Limbe, Mount Cameroon Area: Effect on Malariometric and Haematological Indices

Teh

Sumbele

Meduke

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are the most widely used interventions for malaria control in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the ownership and utilization of ITNs and the knowledge of malaria and their effects on malariometric and haematological indices in children living in the Mount Cameroon area.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study involving a total of 405 children aged between 6 months and 14 years living in Batoke-Limbe was carried out between July and October 2017. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to document demographic status, knowledge on malaria and ITN ownership and usage. Venous blood sample was collected from each child to determine the prevalence and intensity of malaria parasitaemia by Giemsa-stained microscopy and full blood count by auto haematology analysis to obtain white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, haemoglobin (Hb) level, haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). A multilinear regression model was used to determine the relationship between haematological parameter as dependent variable and the independent variables. Results: The overall prevalence of malaria parasitaemia (MP), anaemia, knowledge about malaria, ITN ownership, usage and effective usage was 46.7%, 54.7%, 40.7%, 78.8%, 50.9% and 29.9% respectively. The prevalence of MP was significantly higher (P<0.001) in children who ineffectively utilized ITNs (54.9%) than effective users (27.3%). Having knowledge of malaria, negatively correlated with WBC counts (P = 0.005) but positively correlated with Hb levels (P < 0.001), RBC counts (P < 0.001), Hct (P < 0.001), MCV (P < 0.001) and MCH (P < 0.001). ITN use positively correlated with WBC counts (P = 0.005) but negatively with Hb levels (P = 0.004), RBC counts (P = 0.006), and MCH (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, MP negatively correlated with Hb levels (P = 0.004), RBC counts (P = 0.01), Hct (P = 0.04) and MCHC (P = 0.015). Conclusion: There is need for more sensitization on the benefits of using the ITNs to meet up with the intended and expected impact of the free distribution of ITNs.

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“…Most of infections cases were due to P. falciparum, and this is consistent with previous studies carried out in the Southern part [13,18,29] and in the Littoral region of Cameroon [17]. Briefly abovementioned, P. vivax was reported in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In general, malaria burden (i.e., prevalence and level of parasitemia) is higher in children and rural areas as compared to adults and urban areas, respectively [2,46,47]. These factors can influence the performances of malaria diagnostic tests [17]. The Cyscope® microscope gave 12 FN results which were positive with LM, and this could be due to low parasitemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the fluorescence microscopy Cyscope® with light microscopy for malaria diagnosis in a small and active surveillance in Cameroon

et al. 2020

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Background: Malaria has a negative impact on the activities of companies in endemic countries especially in Cameroon. In this regard, an increasingly growing number of companies have started to include management of malarious patients in their health policies. In the present study, we will evaluate the diagnostic performances of a fluorescence microscopy (FM), Cyscope® microscope, in the detection of malaria parasites. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among employees of two companies of the town of Douala on 21 and 22 March 2017. Sociodemographic information of employees was collected using a questionnaire form. Blood samples of~10 μL were collected by venipuncture for the diagnosis of malaria using FM and light microscopy (LM). Performances of FM with respect to sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), positive and negative likelihood rates (PLR and NLR), accuracy, reliability, and Kappa index were calculated using LM as gold standard. Results: In total, 442 employees, aged 37.8 ± 9.7 years old on average, were included in the study. Prevalence of malaria using FM and LM was 39.2% and 17%, respectively (p < 0.01). Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax were the two species involved in malaria infection cases. In terms of developmental stages, 68%, 45.3%, and 1.3% of employees carried gametocytes, trophozoites, and schizonts, respectively. Findings on diagnostic performances of FM were as follows: Se = 84%, Sp = 69.95%, PPV = 63.58%, NPV = 95.5%, accuracy = 89.36%, and reliability = 53.95%. Sensitivity of Cyscope® microscope increased as a function of parasitemia with values ranging from 76.92% at parasitemia between 1 and 500 parasites/μL to 91.11% at parasitemia between 501 and 5000 parasites/μL. The geometric mean parasite density was1850 parasites per μL of blood (range 1600-40,000), and most of employees (60.8%) had moderate parasitemia. The performances of FM were similar between febrile and afebrile patients. Conclusions: This study showed good performances of Cyscope® microscope and outlines that this diagnostic tool could be used in management of malaria at workplace.

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Epidemiology of Malaria Using LED Fluorescence Microscopy among Schoolchildren in Douala, Cameroon

Abstract: Aims: Determine factors associated with malaria infection, the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of malaria parasites and fevers of non malarial origin. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Malaria parasitaemia, anaemia and malnutrition in children less than 15 years residing in different altitudes along the slope of Mount Cameroon: prevalence, intensity and risk factors

Malaria parasitaemia, anaemia and malnutrition in children less than 15 years residing in different altitudes along the slope of Mount Cameroon: prevalence, intensity and risk factors

Insecticide Treated Net Ownership, Utilization and Knowledge of Malaria in Children Residing in Batoke-Limbe, Mount Cameroon Area: Effect on Malariometric and Haematological Indices

Comparison of the fluorescence microscopy Cyscope® with light microscopy for malaria diagnosis in a small and active surveillance in Cameroon

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