Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in free-ranging white-tailed deer, Michigan, USA, 1995–2000

O’Brien, Daniel J.; Schmitt, Stephan; Fierke, Jean S.; Hogle, Stephanie A.; Winterstein, Scott R.; Cooley, Thomas M.; Moritz, William E.; Diegel, Kelly L.; Fitzgerald, Scott D.; Berry, Dale E.; Kaneene, John B.

doi:10.1016/s0167-5877(02)00010-7

Cited by 157 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…M. bovis can survive for extended periods of time on different types of animal feeds (unpublished data cited by [27] 1 ). The importance of transmission by direct contact (aerosol transmission) or by indirect contact via contamination of feed sites has been demonstrated in white-tailed deer (Odocoilus virginianus) in Michigan [10,25]. However, we failed to detect any significant relationships consistent with intraspecific transmission of TB amongst deer at feeding sites.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Risk factors associated with the prevalence of tuberculosis-like lesions in fenced wild boar and red deer in south central Spain

et al. 2007

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-In recent decades the management of large game mammals has become increasingly intensive in south central Spain (SCS), resulting in complex epidemiological scenarios for disease maintenance, and has probably impeded schemes to eradicate tuberculosis (TB) in domestic livestock. We conducted an analysis of risk factors which investigated associations between the pattern of tuberculosis-like lesions (TBL) in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) across 19 hunting estates from SCS and an extensive set of variables related to game management, land use and habitat structure. The aggregation of wild boar at artificial watering sites was significantly associated with an increasing risk of detecting TBL in both species, which probably relates to enhanced opportunities for transmission. Aggregation of wild boar at feeding sites was also associated with increased risks of TBL in red deer. Hardwood Quercus spp. forest availability was marginally associated with an increased risk of TB in both species, whereas scrubland cover was associated with a reduced individual risk of TBL in the wild boar. It is concluded that management practices that encourage the aggregation of hosts, and some characteristics of Mediterranean habitats could increase the frequency and probability of both direct and indirect transmission of TB. These findings are of concern for both veterinary and public health authorities, and reveal tuberculosis itself as a potential limiting factor for the development and sustainability of such intensive game management systems in Spanish Mediterranean habitats.Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex / red deer / risk factors / tuberculosis / wild boar

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Risk factors associated with the prevalence of tuberculosis-like lesions in fenced wild boar and red deer in south central Spain

et al. 2007

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“…Tuberculosis (TB) may however spread primarily from livestock prior to establishment in freeliving wildlife, as was the case in the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) [32,33] which subsequently became a potential reservoir of infection for other wildlife. In Spain, a similar scenario may apply since two wild ungulate species, the red deer (Cervus elaphus) and the wild boar (Sus scrofa) have been reported to be infected with M. bovis [1,2,15,16,28]. In addition, cases of fatal tuberculosis have been described in endangered carnivores of the same region, such as the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Wild boar and red deer display high prevalences of tuberculosis-like lesions in Spain

et al. 2006

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-We describe the distribution of tuberculosis-like lesions (TBL) in wild boar (Sus scrofa)and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Spain. Animals with TBL were confirmed in 84.21% of mixed populations (n = 57) of red deer and wild boar and in 75% of populations of wild boar alone (n = 8) in central and southern Spain (core area). The prevalence of TBL declined towards the periphery of this region. In the core area, the prevalence ranged up to 100% in local populations of wild boar (mean estate prevalence 42.51%) and up to 50% in red deer (mean estate prevalence 13.70%). We carried out exploratory statistical analyses to describe the epidemiology of TBL in both species throughout the core area. Prevalence of TBL increased with age in both species. Wild boar and red deer mean TBL prevalence at the estate level were positively associated, and lesion scores were consistently higher in wild boars than in red deer. The wild boar prevalence of TBL in wild boar did not differ between populations that were or were not cohabiting with red deer. Amongst the wild boars with TBL, 61.19% presented generalized lesions, and the proportion of generalized cases was similar between sex and age classes. In red deer, 57.14% of TBL-positive individuals presented generalized lesions, and the percentage of generalized cases increased with age class, but did not differ between the sexes. These results highlight the potential importance of wild boar and red deer in the maintenance of tuberculosis in south central Spain.Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex / tuberculosis-like lesions / red deer / Spain / wild boar

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“…1 Subsequent surveys conducted by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Michigan State University Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory identified a focus of M bovis infection in free-ranging whitetailed deer in northeast Michigan. 2,3 This represented the first known reservoir of M bovis in free-ranging wildlife in the United States and a major obstacle to the eradication of bovine tuberculosis. Several factors are believed to have contributed to the establishment and persistence of M bovis in this wildlife reservoir.…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of the transmission of Mycobacterium bovis from deer to cattle through indirect contact

Palmer¹,

Waters²,

Whipple³

2004

ajvr

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Objective—To investigate the infection of calves with Mycobacterium bovis through oral exposure and transmission of M bovis from experimentally infected white-tailed deer to uninfected cattle through indirect contact. Animals—24 11-month-old, white-tailed deer and 28 6-month-old, crossbred calves. Procedure—In the oral exposure experiment, doses of 4.3 × 106 CFUs (high dose) or 5 × 103 CFUs (low dose) of M bovis were each administered orally to 4 calves; as positive controls, 2 calves received M bovis (1.7 × 105 CFUs) via tonsillar instillation. Calves were euthanatized and examined 133 days after exposure. Deer-to-cattle transmission was assessed in 2 phases (involving 9 uninfected calves and 12 deer each); deer were inoculated with 4 × 105 CFUs (phase I) or 7 × 105 CFUs (phase II) of M Bovis. Calves and deer exchanged pens (phase I; 90 days' duration) or calves received uneaten feed from deer pens (phase II; 140 days' duration) daily. At completion, animals were euthanatized and tissues were collected for bacteriologic culture and histologic examination. Results—In the low- and high-dose groups, 3 of 4 calves and 1 of 4 calves developed tuberculosis, respectively. In phases I and II, 9 of 9 calves and 4 of 9 calves developed tuberculosis, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that experimentally infected deer can transmit M bovis to cattle through sharing of feed. In areas where tuberculosis is endemic in free-ranging white-tailed deer, management practices to prevent access of wildlife to feed intended for livestock should be implemented. (Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1483–1489)

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Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in free-ranging white-tailed deer, Michigan, USA, 1995–2000

Cited by 157 publications

References 20 publications

Risk factors associated with the prevalence of tuberculosis-like lesions in fenced wild boar and red deer in south central Spain

Risk factors associated with the prevalence of tuberculosis-like lesions in fenced wild boar and red deer in south central Spain

Wild boar and red deer display high prevalences of tuberculosis-like lesions in Spain

Investigation of the transmission of Mycobacterium bovis from deer to cattle through indirect contact

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