Epidemiology of Myopia

Saw, Seang Mei; Katz, Joanne; Schein, Oliver D.; Chew, Sek-Jin; Chan, Taizan

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017924

Cited by 415 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The prevalence of myopia, which is believed to develop between 6 and 14 years of age, remains relatively constant thereafter and tends to decline after middle age. 17 This decline can be attributed to previous findings that older people have shorter mean axial lengths compared with younger people. 7 The shortening of axial length with age can be explained by a cohort effect, especially in East Asian populations, where myopia prevalence rates of over 32% in children of age 5 À 15 years have been reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Refractive errors in a rural Korean adult population: the Namil Study

Yoo

Kim

Park

et al. 2013

Eye

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Purpose To assess the prevalence of refractive errors, including myopia, high myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia, in rural adult Koreans. Methods We identified 2027 residents aged 40 years or older in Namil-myeon, a rural town in central South Korea. Of 1928 eligible residents, 1532 subjects (79.5%) participated. Each subject underwent screening examinations including autorefractometry, corneal curvature measurement, and best-corrected visual acuity. Results Data from 1215 phakic right eyes were analyzed. The prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent (SE) o À 0.5 diopters (D)) was 20.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.2 À 22.8%), of high myopia (SE o À 6.0 D) was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.4 À 1.5%), of hyperopia (SE4 þ 0.5 D) was 41.8% (95% CI: 38.9 À 44.4%), of astigmatism (cylinder o À 0.5 D) was 63.7% (95% CI: 61.0 À 66.4%), and of anisometropia (difference in SE between eyes 41.0 D) was 13.8% (95% CI: 11.9 À 15.8%). Myopia prevalence decreased with age and tended to transition into hyperopia with age up to 60 À 69 years. In subjects older than this, the trend in SE refractive errors reversed with age. The prevalence of astigmatism and anisometropia increased consistently with age. The refractive status was not significantly different between males and females. Conclusions The prevalence of myopia and hyperopia in rural adult Koreans was similar to that of rural Chinese. The prevalence of high myopia was lower in this Korean sample than in other East Asian populations, and astigmatism was the most frequently occurring refractive error.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Refractive errors in a rural Korean adult population: the Namil Study

Yoo

Kim

Park

et al. 2013

Eye

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“…Additionally, as compared with the Asian population, our findings may not be applicable to Western populations with a lower prevalence of refractive errors. 10 Thus, these considerations invite further empirical investigation concerning the interaction between refraction and allergic conjunctivitis. Figure 2 Comparison of the mean spherical equivalent refraction in each age group between patients with and without allergic conjunctivitis in all patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between refraction and allergic conjunctivitis

Mimura

Arimoto

et al. 2007

Eye

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Purpose External allergens are the main causative factor in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases; however, little is known about internal factors such as the biometrical structure of the eye. We investigated the relationship between refractive error and allergic conjunctivitis in order to reveal possible insights into the pathogenesis in 1015 subjects. Methods The patients were divided into four groups: contact lens wearers with allergic conjunctivitis (n ¼ 73), contact lens wearers without allergic conjunctivitis (n ¼ 59), non-contact lens wearers with allergic conjunctivitis (n ¼ 224), and non-contact lens wearers without allergic conjunctivitis (n ¼ 659). The spherical power, cylindrical power, corneal radius, and minimum and maximum corneal refractive powers were measured in all subjects. Results In the non-contact lens wearers, the spherical equivalent and spherical power were significantly lower in patients with allergic conjunctivitis than in patients without allergic conjunctivitis (À3.0173.83 D vs À1.3673.08 D, Po0.0001, and À2.6473.63 D vs À1.0572.88 D, Po0.0001, respectively), while there was no significant difference in any of the parameters between the contact lens wearers with and without allergic conjunctivitis. Conclusion Refractive error may be a risk factor for allergic conjunctivitis.

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“…1 Asian populations are well known for having the highest rates of myopia in the world with increasing prevalence and severity rates from populationbased studies. 2 The cut-off value of high-axial myopia varied (between refractive error of − 6 to − 8 diopters (D) or axial length of 26-26.5 mm) among population-based or histological studies and beyond these values, the prevalence of pathologic myopia increases exponentially. 3 Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been widely used for assessing retina and optic nerve by providing quantitative and qualitative assessment of macula and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in the last decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%