Epidemiology of Neonatal Sepsis and Implicated Pathogens: A Study from Egypt

Abstract

Prospective analytic study was conducted in NICUs of three Egyptian Neonatal Network (EGNN) participants in Mansoura Hospitals in Egypt over a period of 18 months from March 2011 to August 2012. By using EGNN 28-day discharge form, all demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded and studied. During the study period, 357 neonates were diagnosed as suspected sepsis with an incidence of 45.9% (357/778) among the admitted neonates at the three neonatal intensive care units. 344 neonates (sex ratio = 1.3:1) were enrolled in the study in which 152 (44.2%) were classified as early onset sepsis EOS (≤72 hr) and 192 (55.8%) as late onset sepsis LOS (>72 hr). Among the LOS cases, 33.9% (65/192) were caused by nosocomial infections. In 40.7% (140/344), sepsis was confirmed by positive blood culture. The total mortality rate for the proven neonatal sepsis was 51% (25/49) and 42.9% (39/91) for EOS and LOS, respectively. Coagulase negative staphylococci were predominant isolates in both EOS and LOS, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Most of the bacterial isolates had low sensitivity to the commonly used empiric antibiotics. However, 70.1% (89/127) exhibited multidrug resistance. Best sensitivities among Gram-positive isolates were found against imipenem, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and amikacin.

Bacteriological Profile of Neonatal Septicemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Western U.P., India

“…In this study, a male preponderance with male to female ratio of 1.3:1 was found which was in accordance with the report of (Shah et al, 2012) (1.2:1) and (Shehab El-Din et al, 2015) (1.3:1). This might be because of more number of male infants born compared to female infants born.…”

Impact of serum level of vitamin D on term neonates with early onset sepsis

“…The most common presentation (hypotension and pallor) were significantly higher in cases when compared to controls. El-Din et al [3] found that the most common causes of admission to NICU were respiratory distress (46.7%) and pneumonia (7.8%), while Abd Elmouttaleb et al [24] detected that the most presenting signs was respiratory distress (70%).…”

“…Early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) is a characteristic subtype of neonatal sepsis defined according to disease onset, with bacteremia or bacterial meningitis occurring at ≤72 hours in preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and in term neonates in must be occurred before 7 days [2] . Sepsis is still one of the responsible etiologies of neonatal morbidity and mortality all over the world in-spite of technological developments in neonatal health care units [3] . In Egypt, the incidence of neonatal sepsis in South Sinai Governorate hospitals was 8.6% in the NICUs and mortality rate among septic neonates (sepsis fatality rate) was about 25% [4] .…”

Prognostic value of neutrophil CD64 in low birth weight neonates with sepsis

“…[4] In Egypt, rates of neonatal sepsis (EONS) exceeding 50% especially in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with a mortality rate of 51% for proven EONS and 42.9% for proven LONS. [5,6,7] The lack of a well-established laboratory marker for an early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis increases the challenge for management as rapid definitive diagnosis is required. Although blood culture is the gold standard technique it has a long turnaround time (TAT) in addition to its poor positive and negative predictive values.…”