Epidemiology of Newcastle disease in poultry in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis

Mngumi, Elifuraha B.; Mpenda, Fulgence Ntangere; Buza, Joram

doi:10.1007/s11250-022-03198-4

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Similar seroprevalence results were reported in neighboring countries such as Libya, where the seroprevalence was approximately 53% [ 18 ], and in Senegal, with a seroprevalence of 54.4% was reported in rural chickens [ 19 ]. Many researchers worldwide have highlighted the prevalence of NDV in backyard chickens and its implication as a serious threat to the industrial sector and other avian species [ 20 , 21 ]. In addition, the fact that >60% of the sera tested have antibody titers between 4 and 7 Log 2, whereas 34% of the sera showed higher titers (>7 Log2), suggests that the circulation of lentogenic or mesogenic NDV strains continuously maintains a medium level of antibodies [ 17 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of major infectious diseases in backyard chickens from rural markets in Morocco

Fagrach,

Arbani,

Karroute

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Raising backyard chickens is a common practice in Morocco, mainly in rural or periurban areas. Constraints due to devastating avian diseases have been recognized as a major limiting factor in backyard poultry production. Consequently, these flocks could potentially be implicated as reservoirs for poultry diseases. However, there is a considerable lack of information on disease prevalence in this production system, and the risk represented by these small flocks remains under debate. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and identify related risk factors of a range of bacterial and viral pathogens of outstanding importance for the economy and public health in backyard poultry in Morocco. Materials and Methods: : A total of 712 sera samples and 258 cloacal swabs were collected from 712 backyard chickens from 15 rural markets in the Khemisset and Skhirat-Temara provinces. None of the sampled chickens received any vaccination. Sera samples were screened for antibodies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 subtype (LPAI H9N2) using a hemagglutination-inhibition test, against bursal infectious disease virus (IBDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) using a rapid serum agglutination test. Swab samples were compiled into 86 pools and submitted for molecular detection using real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The seroprevalences in backyard chickens for NDV, LPAI H9N2, IBDV, IBV, MG, and MS were 52.1% (371/712), 63.5% (452/712), 84.7% (603/712), 82.2% (585/712), 58% (413/712), and 74.8% (533/712), respectively. Based on the RT-PCR results, 2.3% (2/86), 62.8% (54/86), 2.3% (2/86), 63.9% (55/86), 40.7% (35/86), and 29.1% (25/86) of the pools were positive for NDV, H9N2 LPAI, IBDV, IBV, MG, and MS, respectively. Multiple coinfections (H9N2-IBV-MG), (H9N2-IBV-MS), or (IBV-MG-MS) were observed in 15.1%, 8.5%, and 8.5% of the tested samples, respectively. Conclusion: The results show that backyard chicken flocks and rural markets have the potential to serve as reservoirs or amplifiers for poultry pathogens and could pose a risk to the commercial poultry sector. This highlights the need for a comprehensive and adapted vaccination plan for backyard chickens, and extension of efforts to increase flock owners’ awareness of avian diseases and incite the implementation of biosecurity measures at the farm level. Keywords: avian diseases, backyard chickens, low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2, Newcastle disease, risk factors, rural markets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of major infectious diseases in backyard chickens from rural markets in Morocco

Fagrach,

Arbani,

Karroute

et al. 2023

Vet World

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“…Transmissible infectious diseases pose a significant threat to smallholder poultry in Africa, with examples including Newcastle disease and avian influenza [35,36]. Both are zoonoses, although Newcastle disease is of minor zoonotic importance, and the main public health risk of avian influenza is not its impact as a directly transmitted zoonosis, but the risk that it will evolve to a strain that is transmissible between people.…”

Section: The Prevalence and Impacts Of Diseases On Smallholder Poultr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Public Health Importance and Management of Infectious Poultry Diseases in Smallholder Systems in Africa

Grace,

Knight-Jones,

Melaku

et al. 2024

Foods

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Poultry diseases pose major constraints on smallholder production in Africa, causing high flock mortality and economic hardship. Infectious diseases, especially viral diseases like Newcastle disease and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and bacterial diseases, especially colibacillosis and salmonellosis, are responsible for most chicken losses, with downstream effects on human nutrition and health. Beyond production impacts, poultry diseases directly harm public health if zoonotic, can give rise to epidemics and pandemics, and facilitate antimicrobial resistance through treatment attempts. HPAI, campylobacteriosis, and salmonellosis are the priority zoonoses. Sustainable solutions for poultry health remain elusive despite recognition of the problem. This review summarises current knowledge on major poultry diseases in smallholder systems, their impacts, and options for prevention and control. We find biosecurity, vaccination, good husbandry, and disease-resistant breeds can reduce disease burden, but practical limitations exist in implementing these measures across smallholder systems. Treatment is often inefficient for viral diseases, and treatment for bacterial diseases risks antimicrobial resistance. Ethnoveterinary practices offer accessible alternatives but require more rigorous evaluation. Multisectoral collaboration and policies that reach smallholder poultry keepers are essential to alleviate disease constraints. Successful control will improve livelihoods, nutrition, and gender equity for millions of rural families. This review concludes that sustainable, scalable solutions for smallholder poultry disease control remain a critical unmet need in Africa.

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“…The serotypes, classes, and genotypes as well as the year of isolation and the source of isolation are indicated: wild birds (W), pigeons (Pi), and poultry (Ch). If the pathogenicity of the virus was established in the cited work, then it is indicated by color: red indicates pathogenic isolates and green indicates non-pathogenic isolates [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Outbreak of Newcastle Disease Virus in the Moscow Region in the Summer of 2022

Ртищев

Treshchalina

Shustova

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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In August 2022 on a backyard farm in the Moscow region of Russia, mortality was observed among chickens, and all 45 birds of a particular farm died or were slaughtered after the onset of symptoms within a few days. Paramyxovirus was isolated from the diseased birds. Based on the nucleotide sequences of the F and NP gene fragments, it was determined that the virus belonged to subgenotype VII.1 AAvV-1 class II. The cleavage site of the F gene 109SGGRRQKRFIG119 and T in 546 and 555 position of the NP gene were typical for the velogenic type. The genetically closest NDV isolates were found in Iran. The mean time of death of 10-day-old chicken embryos upon infection with the minimal infectious dose was 52 h, which is typical for the velogenic pathotype. The virus caused 100% death of six-week-old chickens during oral infection as well as 100% mortality of all contact chickens, including those located in remote cages, which proves the ability of the virus to spread not only by the fecal–oral route but also by the aerosol route. That demonstrates a high level of pathogenicity and contagiousness of the isolated strain for chicken. However, mice intranasally infected with high doses of the virus did not die.

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Epidemiology of Newcastle disease in poultry in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 94 publications

Prevalence of major infectious diseases in backyard chickens from rural markets in Morocco

Prevalence of major infectious diseases in backyard chickens from rural markets in Morocco

The Public Health Importance and Management of Infectious Poultry Diseases in Smallholder Systems in Africa

An Outbreak of Newcastle Disease Virus in the Moscow Region in the Summer of 2022

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