Epidemiology of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared with adults

Somma, Vincenzo; Pflaumer, Andreas; Connell, V.; Rowe, Stephanie; Fahy, L.; Zentner, Dominica; James, Paul; Ingles, Jodie; Semsarian, C.; Nehme, Ziad; Gerche, André La; Paratz, E.

doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.06.010

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The etiology of cardiac arrest in children differs from that in adults, with respiratory problems being reported as a more common cause in pediatric cardiac arrest; moreover, the causes and risks of cardiac arrest differ by age group. 22 , 23 In this study, only 3.1% of patients exhibited a shockable rhythm, which is considerably lower than those observed in adults (15–30%). 24 , 25 Nevertheless, “no use of AED/defibrillator” has been identified as an independent risk factor for unfavorable neurological outcomes despite its small prevalence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Verification of the termination of resuscitation rules in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases

Minami,

Toida,

Shinohara

et al. 2024

Resuscitation Plus

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Verification of the termination of resuscitation rules in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases

Minami,

Toida,

Shinohara

et al. 2024

Resuscitation Plus

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“…The few previous studies on clinical outcomes for unreferred paediatric EMS populations have reported short term mortality rates comparable to ours (30-day mortality of 0.15–1.60% versus 0.37% in our study) [ 28 – 31 ]. In children, non-cardiac causes of death such as trauma, respiratory insufficiency and shock are predominant [ 1 , 4 , 32 , 33 ]. The patients with medical symptoms (chest pain, stomach pain, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality after paediatric emergency calls for patients with or without pre-existing comorbidity: a nationwide population based cohort study

Nielsen,

Søvsø,

Skals

et al. 2024

Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med

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Background Life-threatening conditions are infrequent in children. Current literature in paediatric prehospital research is centred around trauma and paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (POHCA). The aims of this study were to (1) outline the distribution of trauma, POHCA or other medical symptoms among survivors and non-survivors after paediatric emergency calls, and (2) to investigate these clinical presentations’ association with mortality in children with and without pre-existing comorbidity, respectively. Methods Nationwide population-based cohort study including ground and helicopter emergency medical services in Denmark for six consecutive years (2016–2021). The study included all calls to the emergency number 1-1-2 regarding children ≤ 15 years (N = 121,230). Interhospital transfers were excluded, and 1,143 patients were lost to follow-up. Cox regressions were performed with trauma or medical symptoms as exposure and 7-day mortality as the outcome, stratified by ‘Comorbidity’, ‘Severe chronic comorbidity’ and ’None’ based on previous healthcare visits. Results Mortality analysis included 76,956 unique patients (median age 5 (1–12) years). Annual all-cause mortality rate was 7 per 100,000 children ≤ 15 years. For non-survivors without any pre-existing comorbidity (n = 121), reasons for emergency calls were trauma 18.2%, POHCA 46.3% or other medical symptoms 28.9%, whereas the distribution among the 134 non-survivors with any comorbidity was 7.5%, 27.6% and 55.2%, respectively. Compared to trauma patients, age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for patients with calls regarding medical symptoms besides POHCA was 0.8 [0.4;1.3] for patients without comorbidity, 1.1 [0.5;2.2] for patients with comorbidity and 6.1 [0.8;44.7] for patients with severe chronic comorbidity. Conclusion In both non-survivors with and without comorbidity, a considerable proportion of emergency calls had been made because of various medical symptoms, not because of trauma or POHCA. This outline of diagnoses and mortality following paediatric emergency calls can be used for directing paediatric in-service training in emergency medical services.

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“…Various therapeutic interventions have been investigated for patients with OHCA to improve prognosis, such as medication during resuscitation, airway management, and intensive care, with a focus on temperature management after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. OHCA is heterogeneous in many ways, including the cause of cardiac arrest (CA), age, and the severity of hypoxic encephalopathy, and treatment effects and prognosis vary from case to case [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Therefore, it is important to select the appropriate therapeutic intervention for each patient with CA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Pathophysiology and Treatment Efficacy Based on Heterogeneous Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Utsumi,

Nishikimi,

Ohshimo

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is heterogeneous in terms of etiology and severity. Owing to this heterogeneity, differences in outcome and treatment efficacy have been reported from case to case; however, few reviews have focused on the heterogeneity of OHCA. We conducted a literature review to identify differences in the prognosis and treatment efficacy in terms of CA-related waveforms (shockable or non-shockable), age (adult or pediatric), and post-CA syndrome severity and to determine the preferred treatment for patients with OHCA to improve outcomes.

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Epidemiology of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared with adults

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Verification of the termination of resuscitation rules in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases

Verification of the termination of resuscitation rules in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases

Mortality after paediatric emergency calls for patients with or without pre-existing comorbidity: a nationwide population based cohort study

Differences in Pathophysiology and Treatment Efficacy Based on Heterogeneous Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

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