Epidemiology of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Liverpool from 1977 to 1982

Arya, O P; Rees, Elizabeth; Turner, Geoffrey; Percival, A.; Bartzokas, C. A.; Annels, E H; Carey, P B; Ghosh, Arun K.; Jephcott, A. E.; Johnston, Neil

doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(84)93462-5

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Almost all these early PPNG cases were heterosexually-acquired and approximately a third of men named either female sex workers or casual female sexual partners as their source of infection. In the same year that the first PPNG isolate was reported from London, an outbreak of PPNG infection occurred in Liverpool 7. Most PPNG were acquired by young black men living in the inner city from women frequenting local nightclubs.…”

Section: Penicillinase-producing N Gonorrhoeaementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of core groups in the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistantN gonorrhoeae

Lewis

2013

Sex Transm Infect

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Core groups contain individuals who are regularly infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and are able to transmit their infection to a large number of sexual partners. Classical core groups, such as sex workers and their male partners, or men who have sex with men (MSM), have contributed to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant N gonorrhoeae over many years. Sex workers and their clients were the most important core group driving the dissemination of penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae in the 1970s. Such individuals have continued to contribute to penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae outbreaks as well as to the subsequent emergence of gonococcal resistance to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, spectinomycin and cephalosporins in various settings. MSM have been a very important core group since the 1980s, first with the spread of TetM-expressing N gonorrhoeae and, second, with the dissemination of fluoroquinolone-resistant N gonorrhoeae. MSM-associated sexual networks have most recently been critical to the spread of gonococci resistant to third generation extended spectrum cephalosporins, including cefixime and ceftriaxone. Individuals within other core groups have also been linked to the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea, such as military personnel, travellers, drug users, young adults, older men and members of street gangs. Understanding core behaviours and their geospatial clustering is essential for an optimal public health response to the rising prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea. Furthermore, rapid and effective treatment of N gonorrhoeae infections in core individuals and their sexual partners should be a priority for gonorrhoea control programmes.

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Section: Penicillinase-producing N Gonorrhoeaementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of core groups in the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistantN gonorrhoeae

Lewis

2013

Sex Transm Infect

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“…Two geographically distinct plasmids of different sizes emerged almost simultaneously, each of which encoded the bla TEM gene in gonococci (103). Epidemiologically, this was attributed in part to the promiscuity of naval populations and prostitutes who were exchanging organisms with R-factor-associated TEM enzymes during trips between the Philippines and Europe or between western Africa and England (104). Prior to this, a single dose of penicillin had been demonstrated to cure Ͼ95% of the cases of gonorrhea (105), so the loss of an effective, safe, and inexpensive drug was devastating (106).…”

Section: ␤-Lactamases In Gram-negative Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Past and Present Perspectives on β-Lactamases

Bush

2018

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

663

498

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β-Lactamases, the major resistance determinant for β-lactam antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria, are ancient enzymes whose origins can be traced back millions of years ago. These well-studied enzymes, currently numbering almost 2,800 unique proteins, initially emerged from environmental sources, most likely to protect a producing bacterium from attack by naturally occurring β-lactams. Their ancestors were presumably penicillin-binding proteins that share sequence homology with β-lactamases possessing an active-site serine. Metallo-β-lactamases also exist, with one or two catalytically functional zinc ions. Although penicillinases in Gram-positive bacteria were reported shortly after penicillin was introduced clinically, transmissible β-lactamases that could hydrolyze recently approved cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems later became important in Gram-negative pathogens. Nomenclature is based on one of two major systems. Originally, functional classifications were used, based on substrate and inhibitor profiles. A later scheme classifies β-lactamases according to amino acid sequences, resulting in class A, B, C, and D enzymes. A more recent nomenclature combines the molecular and biochemical classifications into 17 functional groups that describe most β-lactamases. Some of the most problematic enzymes in the clinical community include extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and the serine and metallo-carbapenemases, all of which are at least partially addressed with new β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. New enzyme variants continue to be described, partly because of the ease of obtaining sequence data from whole-genome sequencing studies. Often, these new enzymes are devoid of any phenotypic descriptions, making it more difficult for clinicians and antibiotic researchers to address new challenges that may be posed by unusual β-lactamases.

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“…Prostitutes were implicated in the two local outbreaks in Canada in 1984. The role of prostitutes in contributing to the spread of PPNG strains has been referred to by many other workers.925 39 The use of molecular, genetic, and serological techniques has been specially useful epidemiologically. Previous studies indicated that the range of gonococcal hosts of the African and Asian type lactamase encoding plasmids had been extended to include new combinations of auxotypes and plasmids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and epidemiological analysis of penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Canada 1976-84: evolution of new auxotypes and beta lactamase encoding plasmids.

Dillon¹,

Pauzé²,

Yeung³

1986

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Epidemiology of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Liverpool from 1977 to 1982

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

The role of core groups in the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistantN gonorrhoeae

The role of core groups in the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistantN gonorrhoeae

Past and Present Perspectives on β-Lactamases

Molecular and epidemiological analysis of penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Canada 1976-84: evolution of new auxotypes and beta lactamase encoding plasmids.

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