Epidemiology of Primary Hyperparathyroidism and its Non-classical Manifestations in the City of Recife, Brazil

Bone pain, proximal muscle weakness, skeletal deformities, and pathological fractures are features of osteitis fibrosa cystica which occur in severe primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). In this condition, bone mineral density is usually extremely low, but may be reversible after parathyroidectomy. On X-ray, bone abnormalities are described as having a salt-and-pepper appearance in the skull, with bone erosions and resorption of the phalanges, brown tumors and cysts, as well as diffuse demineralization, along with pathological fractures, particularly in the long bones of the extremities. A marked elevation of the serum calcium and PTH concentrations is seen, and renal involvement is manifested by nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. In asymptomatic PHPT, the absence of clinically significant bone involvement has led to much more data on bone mineral density becoming available by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and also on new technologies such as trabecular bone score (TBS), which is a gray-level textural analysis of DXA images that provides an indirect index of trabecular microarchitecture. In addition, high-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HRpQCT), which has a low radiation exposure, provides further understanding of the microstructural skeletal features at both trabecular and cortical sites.

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“…There is a high female to male ratio in the incidence of PHPT which varies from 2 to 5 to 1, and this proportion increases with age [1,6].…”

Section: The Changing In Clinical Presentation Of Primary Hyperparathmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hyperparathyroidism and Bone Health

Bandeira

Cassibba

2015

Curr Rheumatol Rep

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“…In the other affected patients, hyperplasia or multiple adenomas occur, the latter common in familial forms (3). PHPT occurs most commonly in individuals over 50 years of age and in postmenopausal women, showing a prevalence of about 0.78% in patients evaluated in reference services (4). Although the clinical presentation is variable the asymptomatic hypercalcemia form, detected by routine screening, is the most common (50% to 80%) (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and management of primary hyperparathyroidism: a scientific statement from the Department of Bone Metabolism, the Brazilian Society for Endocrinology and Metabolism

Bandeira

Griz

Chaves

et al. 2013

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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Objective: To conduct a literature review on the diagnosis and management of primary hyperparathyroidism including the classical hipercalcemic form as well as the normocalcemic variant. Materials and methods: This scientific statement was generated by a request from the Brazilian Medical Association (AMB) to the Brazilian Society for Endocrinology as part of its Clinical Practice Guidelines program. Articles were identified by searching in PubMed and Cochrane databases as well as abstracts presented at the Endocrine Society, Brazilian Society for Endocrinology Annual Meetings and the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Annual Meeting during the last 5 years. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendation were adapted from the first report of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. All grades of recommendation, including "D" , are based on scientific evidence. The differences between A, B, C and D, are due exclusively to the methods employed in generating evidence. Conclusion:We present a scientific statement on primary hyperparathyroidism providing the level of evidence and the degree of recommendation regarding causes, clinical presentation as well as surgical and medical treatment. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(6):406-24 KeywordsPrimary hyperparathyroidism; normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism; diagnosis; treatment; parathyroidectomy ReSumoObjetivo: Conduzir uma atualização das últimas evidências científicas a respeito da apresentação, do diagnóstico e do manejo clínico e cirúrgico do hiperparatireoidismo primário clássico e normocalcêmico. Materiais e métodos: Este documento foi concebido pelo Departamento de Metabolismo Ósseo da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (SBEM) a partir daquele oriundo do Programa de Diretrizes da Associação Médica Brasileira (AMB) da SBEM. Realizamos uma revisão dos artigos mais relevantes obtidos nos bancos de dados PubMed e Cochrane, além de abstracts apresentados nos encontros anuais da Endocrine Society, da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e da American Society for Bone and Mineral Research dos últimos cinco anos, e classificamos as evidências em níveis de recomendações de acordo com a força científica por tipo de estudo, adaptando o primeiro relato do "Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine" . Todos os graus de recomendação, incluindo-se o "D" , foram baseados em evidência científica, sendo as diferenças entre o A, B, C e D devidas exclusivamente ao desenho empregado na geração da evidência. Conclusão: Apresentamos uma atualização científica a respeito do hiperparatireoidismo primário, classificando e graduando em níveis de recomendações as principais evidências científicas sobre as suas causas, as variadas formas de apresentação, seu diagnóstico e tratamento. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(6):406-24 Descritores Hiperparatireoidismo primário; hiperparatireoidismo primário normocalcêmico; diagnóstico; tratamento; paratireoidectomia

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“…15,16 Most cases occur in women (74%), but the incidence is similar in men and women younger than 45 years of age. 17 Recently II.…”

Section: Presentation In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 92%