Epidemiology of PTSD

Blanco, Carlos

doi:10.1002/9781119998471.ch2

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The rate of lifetime PTSD of 4.6% (95% CI [3.3, 5.9]) within this community-based sample was lower than some estimates in the U.S., but is comparable to most other countries (Blanco, 2011; Kessler & Üstün, 2008; Norris & Slone, 2013). Similarly, the rate of current (i.e., past-year) PTSD of 2.1% landed below previous reported estimates in the United States (3.5%), but above most other countries that reported current rates of PTSD of less than 1% (Kessler & Üstün, 2008).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…The percent increase in the reported prevalence of trauma from the single-question to the list-based assessment was more pronounced in women (59.9%, 95% CI [55.8,64] (Blanco, 2011), there was an expected trend for younger individuals having less exposure to PTEs regardless of assessment type (see Figure 1). However, they showed the largest percent increase in prevalence rates between the single-question and list-based assessments (15-24 years old: 51.6%, 95% CI [44.4, 58.7] to 70.2%, 95% CI [63.7,76.7]; 36.1% increase), ϭ .49, p Ͻ .01.…”

Section: Gender and Age Differences In The Prevalence Of Trauma Exposurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Many studies have revealed that younger individuals have less trauma exposure (Blanco, 2011), but no studies have looked specifically at differences in reported trauma exposure when using single-question and list-based assessments. Our study supports the notion that regardless of the assessment type, trauma exposure is associated with older age, such that the likelihood of experiencing a traumatic event increases with age.…”

Section: Age and Gender Differences In Prevalence Estimates Of Trauma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessing trauma using a list-based versus a single-question measure (or a long vs. a short list) has been theorized to enhance recall of events that are less memorable but also less likely to have led to PTSD (Breslau, 2002). This theory is more broadly supported by findings suggesting that, although trauma-exposure rates vary widely among different samples and populations, rates of PTSD are often in a similar range (Blanco, 2011), but empirical evidence remains sparse. As a result, it is still unclear if accurate and full descriptions of all traumatic event exposures are necessary to correctly diagnosis PTSD (Weathers & Keane, 2007).…”

Section: Assessing Traumatic Event Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: Single, open-ended question versus list-based inventory.

Monson

Lonergan

Caron

et al. 2016

Psychological Assessment

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Trauma exposure is a precursor to a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A dearth of empirical evidence exists on the impact of different measurement practices on estimates of trauma exposure and PTSD within representative epidemiological samples. In the present study, we examined differences in reported trauma exposure and rates of PTSD using single, open-ended question versus list-based trauma assessments in a general community sample. Using data from the third wave of the Montreal epidemiological catchment area study (N = 1029), participants were interviewed in person by a lay interviewer about lifetime history of trauma exposure and PTSD. Prevalence rates of trauma exposure and PTSD diagnosis using single, open-ended question and list-based assessment were compared using a within-subject design. A single, open-ended question versus list-based trauma assessment yielded trauma-exposure rates of 61%, 95% CI [57.8, 63.8] and 78%, 95% CI [75.2, 80.3], respectively. Conditional rates of lifetime PTSD decreased from 6.7%, 95% CI [5.8, 9.4] to 6%, 95% CI [4.4, 7.7], respectively. Increases in trauma exposure were more pronounced in women (33.7%) than men (21.5%), as well as in the younger stratum of study participants (15-24 years old; 36.1%). Underestimation of PTSD using a single, open-ended question assessment was minimal, although all missing cases were women. Our results lend support to the importance of using comprehensive assessments of exposure to potentially traumatic events when conducting epidemiological research, especially when reporting conditional rates of PTSD. Previous research may have underestimated the prevalence of trauma exposure, particularly among young women. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Gender and Age Differences In The Prevalence Of Trauma Exposurementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Age and Gender Differences In Prevalence Estimates Of Trauma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessing Traumatic Event Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: Single, open-ended question versus list-based inventory.

Monson

Lonergan

Caron

et al. 2016

Psychological Assessment

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“…PTSD, especially in young female firefighters, may increase the risk of AMI. Some studies have suggested that the prevalence of trauma exposure is higher among women 30,31 and younger firefighters, [32][33][34] which means that younger female firefighters may develop PTSD after experiencing a traumatic event. Numerous cohort studies have suggested that PTSD is an independent risk factor for AMI, [35][36][37][38][39] especially early age CVD mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Emergency Duties on Cardiovascular Diseases in Firefighters

Jeung

Hyun

Kim

et al. 2022

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of firefighters' emergency duties on the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: We used a 13-year follow-up in a nationwide retrospective cohort study. A total of 363,137 employees were recruited. The sex-and age-specific incidence of CVD (hypertension, angina pectoris, and acutemyocardial infarction [AMI]) in firefighters and public officials was estimated. Results: The overall age-specific sex-based incidence of CVD, except for hypertension, was higher in firefighters than in public officials. The age-stratified hazard ratios for the three types of CVD in male firefighters were also higher. AMI was more common in younger firefighters, whereas angina pectoris and hypertension were common in older firefighters. Conclusions: Firefighters' duties are more likely to increase the risk of CVD, and preventive strategies with proven benefits are required.

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Distress Among Journalists Working the Incidents

Backholm¹

2016

The Wiley Handbook of the Psychology of Mass Shootings

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Epidemiology of PTSD

Cited by 20 publications

References 78 publications

Assessing trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: Single, open-ended question versus list-based inventory.

Assessing trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: Single, open-ended question versus list-based inventory.

Effects of Emergency Duties on Cardiovascular Diseases in Firefighters

Distress Among Journalists Working the Incidents

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