Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in England during the COVID-19 pandemic, measured by laboratory, clinical, and syndromic surveillance: a retrospective observational study

Bardsley, Megan; Morbey, Roger; Hughes, Helen E.; Beck, Charles R; Watson, Carly; Zhao, Hongxin; Ellis, Joanna; Smith, Gillian; Elliot, Alex J

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00525-4

Cited by 193 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In addition to the decrease in incidence, infectious diseases showed a lower variance in disease incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic in the present study. In line with the present study, a retrospective observational study described the extraordinarily low incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection during the winter season, while a high incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection during the summer season in England during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 24 ]. They suggested that the lack of immunity to the respiratory syncytial virus during winter may induce an increase in the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection during the summer season [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Changes in Otorhinolaryngologic Disease Incidences before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea

Kim

Yoo

Kim

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study aimed to investigate the change in the incidence and variance of otorhinolaryngologic diseases during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The entire Korean population (~50 million) was evaluated for the monthly incidence of 11 common otorhinolaryngologic diseases of upper respiratory infection (URI), influenza, acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess, acute laryngitis and bronchitis, stomatitis and related lesions, acute sinusitis, rhinitis, otitis media, and dizziness from January 2018 through March 2021 using the International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 codes with the data of the Korea National Health Insurance Service. The differences in the mean incidence of 11 common otorhinolaryngologic diseases before and during COVID-19 were compared using the Mann—Whitney U test. The differences in the variance of incidence before and during COVID-19 were compared using Levene’s test. The incidence of all 11 otorhinolaryngologic diseases was lower during COVID-19 than before COVID-19 (all p < 0.05). The variations in disease incidence by season were lower during COVID-19 than before COVID-19 for infectious diseases, including URI, influenza, acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess, acute laryngitis and bronchitis, acute sinusitis, and otitis media (all p < 0.05), while it was not in noninfectious diseases, including stomatitis, rhinitis, and dizziness. As expected, the incidences of all otorhinolalryngolgic diseases were decreased. Additionally, we found that seasonal variations in infectious diseases disappeared during the COVID-19 pandemic, while noninfectious diseases did not.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Changes in Otorhinolaryngologic Disease Incidences before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea

Kim

Yoo

Kim

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Overall, Bardsley and colleagues reported substantial changes in RSV-attributable disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in England. 8 Their observations confirm the concept of immunity debt as an unintended consequence of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Estimating the magnitude of these changes is essential for public health decision makers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In The Lancet Infectious Diseases , Megan Bardsley and colleagues 8 investigated the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on RSV-attributable disease among children younger than 5 years in England since March, 2020. The authors conducted interrupted time-series analyses and compared predicted RSV-attributable disease activity based on pre-pandemic seasons (2015–16 onwards) with RSV activity in winter 2020–21, summer 2021, and winter 2021–22, across a range of RSV activity indicators based on laboratory, clinical, and syndromic surveillance data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long-lasting uncertainties about the timing of epidemics could force hospitals to maintain a high level of readiness for extended periods each year. In addition to the current work by Bardsley and colleagues, 8 immunological surveillance could be used to further close the gap in knowledge regarding the consequences of prolonged use of non-pharmaceutical interventions on seasonal respiratory viruses. Monitoring population immunity levels should, therefore, be part of the public health toolbox.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the RSV immunity debt following COVID-19: a public health matter

Billard¹,

Bont²

2023

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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“…In countries with a temperate climate (such as Poland), the season of infections due to RSV typically occurs in the winter months, from October/November until March/May, while the peak incidence is in January/February [ 2 ]. In the UK, the RSV season is defined as the period from October to March with a peak incidence in December [ 5 , 31 , 32 ]. In two studies from Switzerland and Croatia, the increased incidence occurred between November and March, with the peak incidence in January [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections among Hospitalized Children in Poland during 2010–2020: Study Based on the National Hospital Registry

Rząd

Kanecki

Lewtak

et al. 2022

JCM

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Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for infections mainly affecting the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children after the first exposure. The aim of the study is to show up-to-date information on RSV hospitalization cases in Poland in children aged < 5 years. Methods: A retrospective, population-based study was conducted using data from hospital discharge records of patients hospitalized from 2010–2020. Results: The study group consisted of 57,552 hospitalizations of RSV children. The mean and median ages were 232 (95% CI: 230–234) and 132 (IQR 63–271) days. The mean annual hospitalization rate for patients with RSV infection was estimated to be 267.5 per 100,000, and the highest was observed in children < 1 year (1132.1 per 100,000). The mean annual hospitalization rate was significantly higher in patients living in urban than rural regions (p < 0.001). A statistically significant increase in the number of hospitalizations was observed (p < 0.0001) during the analyzed period. The seasonal pattern was found with the highest rates of hospitalizations in the January–March period. Conclusions: The increasing RSV hospitalization rate requires further research and may be the basis for urgent healthcare measures. The results may be helpful in comparative analyses in the European and global context.

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Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in England during the COVID-19 pandemic, measured by laboratory, clinical, and syndromic surveillance: a retrospective observational study

Cited by 193 publications

References 23 publications

Changes in Otorhinolaryngologic Disease Incidences before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea

Changes in Otorhinolaryngologic Disease Incidences before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea

Quantifying the RSV immunity debt following COVID-19: a public health matter

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections among Hospitalized Children in Poland during 2010–2020: Study Based on the National Hospital Registry

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