Epidemiology of selected mycobacteria that infect humans and other animals

Ashford, David A.; Whitney, Ellen A. Spotts; Raghunathan, Pratima L.; Cosivi, Ottorino

doi:10.20506/rst.20.1.1266

Cited by 150 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The fact that the MTC organisms (mammal-associated species responsible for tuberculosis) were the sole Mycobacterium organisms to exhibit the complete set of Cel6, Cel12 and CBD2 genes was unexpected. M. bovis has been shown to be transmitted from bovine to bovine and from bovine to humans (Ashford et al, 2001) by the oral route, thus being potentially in close contact with cellulose-containing foodstuffs in the digestive tract of vertebrates such as mice (Boulahrouf et al, 1990) and pigs (Varel et al, 1984). Likewise, we have recently shown that living M. tuberculosis organisms can be detected in the stools of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (El Khechine et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical conservation of a set of three cellulose-targeting genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms

et al. 2010

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The genome of the tuberculosis agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes a putative cellulosebinding protein (CBD2), one candidate cellulase (Cel12), and one fully active cellulase (Cel6). This observation is puzzling, because cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls, whereas M. tuberculosis is a human pathogen without known contact with plants. In order to investigate the biological role of such cellulose-targeting genes in M. tuberculosis we report here the search for and transcription analysis of this set of genes in the genus Mycobacterium. An in silico search for cellulose-targeting orthologues found that only 2.5 % of the sequenced bacterial genomes encode the Cel6, Cel12 and CBD2 gene set simultaneously, including those of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) members. PCR amplification and sequencing further demonstrated the presence of these three genes in five non-sequenced MTC bacteria. Among mycobacteria, the combination of Cel6, Cel12 and CBD2 was unique to MTC members, with the exception of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur, which lacked CBD2. RT-PCR in M. tuberculosis H37Rv indicated that the three cellulose-targeting genes were transcribed into mRNA. The present work shows that MTC organisms are the sole mycobacteria among very few organisms to encode the three cellulose-targeting genes CBD2, Cel6 and Cel12. Our data point toward a unique, yet unknown, relationship with non-plant cellulose-producing hosts such as amoebae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical conservation of a set of three cellulose-targeting genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms

et al. 2010

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“…The proportion of which BTB contributes to the total of tuberculosis cases in humans depends on the prevalence of the disease in cattle, socioeconomic conditions, consumer habits, practiced food hygiene and medical prophylaxis measures. In countries where BTB in cattle is still highly prevalent, pasteurisation is not widely practiced and/or milk hygiene is insufficient, usually estimated to be about 10% to 15% of human tuberculosis is considered to be caused by BTB (Ashford et al, 2001).…”

Section: Zoonotic Importance Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine tuberculosis infection in animal and human populations in Ethiopia: a review

Shitaye¹,

Tsegaye²,

Pavlík³

2007

Vet. Med.

128

130

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Ethiopia is one among the nations that possesses the largest number of livestock population in the African continent estimated to be 33 million cattle, 24 million sheep and 18 million goats. In contrast to the huge livestock resource, the livestock productivity is however, found to be very low. The major biological and socioeconomical factors attributing to the low productivity includes: the low genetic potential and performance, poor nutrition (in quality and quantity terms), the prevailing of different diseases, traditional way of husbandry systems and inadequate skilled manpower, among others. Ethiopia is one of the African countries where tuberculosis is wide spread in both humans and cattle and the endemic nature of tuberculosis in humans and cattle has long been documented. The disease is considered as one of the major livestock diseases that results in high morbidity and mortality, although the current status on the actual prevalence rate of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) at a national level is yet unknown. Detection of BTB in Ethiopia is carried out most commonly on the basis of tuberculin skin testing, abattoir meat inspection and very rarely on bacteriological techniques. Recently undertaken studies indicated the prevalence rate of BTB with a range of 3.4% (in small holder production system) to 50% (in intensive dairy productions) and a range of 3.5% to 5.2% in slaughterhouses in various places of the country. BTB in cattle remains to be a great concern due to the susceptibility of humans to the disease. The infections mainly take place by drinking raw milk and occur in the extra-pulmonary form, in the cervical lymphadenitis form in particular. The aim of this paper is to review the status of BTB in Ethiopia in relation with the existing animal husbandry systems and abattoir meat inspection surveillances. Control measures, economic impacts and the zoonotic aspect of the disease are also briefly addressed.

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“…Currently, the disease in human is becoming increasingly important in developing countries, as humans and animals are sharing the same microenvironment and dwelling premises, especially in rural areas, and susceptibility of AIDS patients to tuberculosis (Shitaye et al, 2007;Pal et al, 2014). It is estimated that M. bovis causes 10 to 15% human cases of tuberculosis in countries where pasteurization of milk is rare and bovine tuberculosis is common (Ashford et al, 2001;Pal et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle and its Public Health Implications in Gambella Region, Ethiopia

Alemu¹,

Mamo²,

Ameni³

et al. 2016

mmr

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A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to May 2015 in Gambella town municipal abattoir and health centers to investigate the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis, isolation and molecular characterization of its causative agents, and to assess its public health implications in Gambella, Ethiopia. Postmortem examination, bacteriological culturing, RD deletion typing, and spoligotyping were used for investigation. The overall prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle was 13.2% (66/500) on the basis of detailed postmortem examination. Statistical significant difference was observed in the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis among different body conditioned animals (χ2 = 39.105, P=0.000 and breeds (χ2 = 24.996, P=0.000). Molecular characterization of 11 mycobacterial isolates from human patients using RD9 deletion typing showed that all were M. tuberculosis, and further spoligotyping of the isolates revealed that SIT289, SIT134, SIT1634, SIT142 and one new strain (not found in the spoligotype databases). Of these M. tuberculosis strains identified, SIT 289 and SIT134 were found in cluster with 45.5% (5/11) cluster rate. Lineage of the human isolates indicated that 27.3% (3/11) were in Euro-American, and 9.1% (1/11) Indo-oceanic family in TB-insight database. Interestingly, one isolate from animal taken from mediastinal lymph node was confirmed to be M. tuberculosis using RD4 deletion typing and spoligotyping, in which the isolate was identified as SIT523 with Indo-oceanic lineage family. Awareness of cattle owners for bovine tuberculosis was found insufficient (22%), and the results also revealed the presence of potential risk factor for zoonotic transmission. In conclusion, isolation of M. tuberculosis in cattle, and occurrence of various strains of M. tuberculosis in the communities warrants further systematic investigation on the transmission of the disease in Gambella region of Ethiopia.

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Epidemiology of selected mycobacteria that infect humans and other animals

Cited by 150 publications

References 108 publications

Paradoxical conservation of a set of three cellulose-targeting genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms

Paradoxical conservation of a set of three cellulose-targeting genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms

Bovine tuberculosis infection in animal and human populations in Ethiopia: a review

Molecular Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle and its Public Health Implications in Gambella Region, Ethiopia

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