Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) Cases at a sentinel site in Egypt, 2013–15

Elhakim, Mohamed; Kandil, Sahar; Elaziz, Khaled M. Abd; Anwar, Wagida A.

doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdz053

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) has been considered an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in all age groups, particularly children, elderly individuals and individuals with compromised immune, cardiac and pulmonary systems, worldwide [1][2][3]. It is estimated that SARI causes approximately 4.2 million deaths annually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiological and epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory infection caused by multiple viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in adult patients in Jinshan, Shanghai: A pilot hospital-based surveillance study

Song²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Background Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) results in a tremendous disease burden worldwide. Available research on active surveillance among hospitalized adult patients suffering from SARI in China is limited. This pilot study aimed to identify associated etiologies and describe the demographic, epidemiological and clinical profiles of hospitalized SARI patients aged over 16 years in Jinshan, Shanghai. Methods Active surveillance was conducted at 1 sentinel hospital in Jinshan district, Shanghai, from April 2017 to March 2018. Hospitalized SARI patients aged over 16 years old were enrolled, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected within 24 hours of admission and tested for multiple respiratory viruses (including 18 common viruses) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Demographic, epidemiological and clinical information was obtained from case report forms. Results In total, 397 SARI patients were enrolled; the median age was 68 years, and 194 (48.9%) patients were male. A total of 278 (70.0%) patients had at least one underlying chronic medical condition. The most frequent symptoms were cough (99.2%) and sputum production (88.4%). The median duration of hospitalization was 10 days. A total of 250 infection patients (63.0%) were positive for at least one pathogen, of whom 198 (49.9%) were positive for a single pathogen and 52 (13.1%) were positive for multiple pathogens. The pathogens identified most frequently were M. pneumoniae (23.9%, 95/397), followed by adenovirus (AdV) (11.6%, 46/397), influenza virus A/H3N2 (Flu A/H3N2) (11.1%, 44/397), human rhinovirus (HRhV) (8.1%, 32/397), influenza virus B/Yamagata (Flu B/Yamagata) (6.3%, 25/397), pandemic influenza virus A/H1N1 (Flu A/pH1N1) (4.0%, 16/397), parainfluenza virus (PIV) type 1 (2.0%, 8/397), human coronavirus (HCoV) type NL63 (2.0%, 8/397), HCoV 229E (1.5%, 6/397), HCoV HKU1 (1.5%, 6/397), PIV 3 (1.5%, 6/397), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) (1.5%, 6/397), PIV 4 (1.3%, 5/397), HCoV OC43 (1.0%, 4/397), influenza virus B/Victoria (Flu B/Victoria) (0.5%, 2/397), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) type B (0.5%, 2/397), and human bocavirus (HBoV) (0.3%, 1/397). The seasonality of pathogen-confirmed SARI patients had a bimodal distribution, with the first peak in the summer and the second peak in the winter. Statistically significant differences were observed with respect to the rates of dyspnea, radiographically diagnosed pneumonia and the presence of at least one comorbidity in patients who were infected with only M. pneumoniae, AdV, HRhV, Flu A/H3N2, Flu A /pH1N1 or Flu B/Yamagata. The differences in the positivity rates of the above 6 pathogens among the different age groups were nonsignificant. Conclusions M. pneumoniae, AdV and Flu A/H3N2 were the main pathogens detected in hospitalized SARI patients aged over 16 years old in Jinshan district, Shanghai. Our findings highlight the importance of sustained multipathogen surveillance among SARI patients in sentinel hospitals, which can provide useful information on SARI etiologies, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiological and epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory infection caused by multiple viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in adult patients in Jinshan, Shanghai: A pilot hospital-based surveillance study

Song²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Surveillance indicated higher rates of viral infections among ARI patients, both in the outpatient clinics and inpatient wards, compared with the rates reported from Egypt influenza surveillance during the inter-pandemic phase [ 4 , 16 , 17 ]. This finding reflects the surge of SARS-CoV-2 when first introduced into a naïve population and could indicate high sensitivity of the surveillance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Adapting an integrated acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic requirements, Egypt, 2020–2022

Fahim

Elsood

AbdElGawad

et al. 2023

Public Health in Practice

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“…In Egypt, the number of infants aged 1–11 months hospitalized for moderate or severe lower RTIs was 5135/100,000 for the period 2009–2012, with 40% of patients subsequently diagnosed with bronchiolitis [ 9 ]. A 2015 study on severe acute respiratory illness in Egyptian patients found that the causative organism was influenza A in almost half of cases, influenza B in 25% and respiratory syncytial virus in another 25%, with 35.3% of patients being children under 5 years of age [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years of age in a low–middle-income country

El-Koofy

El‐Shabrawi

El-alim

et al. 2022

J. Egypt. Public. Health. Assoc.

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Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are among the most commonly encountered major public health problems, with a higher prevalence of lower RTIs among children and more generally the poor. The present study aimed to describe the pattern of respiratory tract infections in Egyptian children aged under 5 years and explore possible associations between socio-demographics and nutritional status and types of RTIs. Methods Over 6 months beginning in September 2018 (including one winter season), a cross-sectional, observational, epidemiological study was conducted on a sample of patients with upper and lower RTIs diagnosed clinically and/or radiologically in the outpatient clinics at Cairo University Children’s Hospital in Egypt. An interview questionnaire was employed to collect socio-demographic and nutritional data. Heights/lengths and weights were measured and analyzed using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Anthro Plus [Computer Program]. Patients with pneumonia (n = 28) were compared to 97 healthy children of the same age and sex. Results The total number of children diagnosed with upper and lower respiratory infections was 611. Malnutrition was present in 12.4% of all children with upper and lower RTIs. Lower RTI and malnutrition were substantially more prevalent among children aged under 2 years (p = 0.048 and p < 0.001, respectively). The strongest predictor of lower RTI was a younger age (OR 0.797, CI 0.713–0.89, p < 0.001). Conclusion At our center, approximately one-third of infections in under-fives were lower RTI. Malnutrition was one of the significant risk factors for lower RTI in children below 2 years. The nutritional status of infants and young children should be improved by encouraging exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life and strengthening the healthcare and nutritional counseling available for vulnerable children, particularly in rural regions.

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Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) Cases at a sentinel site in Egypt, 2013–15

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Etiological and epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory infection caused by multiple viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in adult patients in Jinshan, Shanghai: A pilot hospital-based surveillance study

Etiological and epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory infection caused by multiple viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in adult patients in Jinshan, Shanghai: A pilot hospital-based surveillance study

Adapting an integrated acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic requirements, Egypt, 2020–2022

Patterns of respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years of age in a low–middle-income country

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