Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in rural Haitian men

Abstract

The study attempts to determine the prevalence of organisms associated with urethritis in men in rural southwestern Haiti and to determine the association with demographic, clinical and laboratory variables. A standardised verbal interview was conducted; genital examinations were done; urethral swabs were collected for nucleic acid amplification testing, and first void urine was obtained for urinalysis. The mean participant age was 54; 88.8% lived in a rural area. Swabs were positive for Trichomonas vaginalis in 13.7% (28/205), Mycoplasma genitalium in 6.3% (13/205), Chlamydia trachomatis in 4.4% (9/205) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 0% (0/205). Subjects who never reported using condoms were nearly 3.5 times more likely to have any positive swab result (OR: 3.46, 95% CI 1.31-9.14). Subjects who reported their partners had other sexual partners or were unsure were more than three times likely to have any positive swab result (OR: 3.44, 95% CI 1.33-8.92). Infections with Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium were the most common.

Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally

“…If neither the clinical specimen nor the laboratory test used were specified, the estimate was not standardized [ 57 , 62 , 63 , 67 – 70 , 84 ]. If the clinical specimen was specified but not the laboratory test used, or vice versa, the arithmetic mean of the sensitivity and specificity for the laboratory test or for the clinical specimen, respectively, was used instead [ 27 , 34 , 52 , 59 , 80 , 81 ]. b The denominator was not reported and estimates were not standardized.…”

“…If the clinical specimen was specified but not the laboratory test used, or vice versa, the arithmetic mean of the sensitivity and specificity for the laboratory test or for the clinical specimen, respectively, was used instead [ 27 , 34 , 52 , 59 , 80 , 81 ].…”

“…Prevalence and/or test positivity estimates from the general population were identified in 18.2% (six out of 33) of countries in this WHO region excluding the USA and Canada (12 estimates in women, including pregnant women [ 16 , 17 , 44 – 53 ], and four in men [ 17 , 48 , 49 , 80 ]) (Tables 1 and 2 ). One study in Peru could be considered population-based and of national scope.…”

“…The median study sample size was 399 in women (IQR: 309-1719) and 371 in men (IQR: 180-5749). All studies involved NAAT screening of urine (n=4) [ 16 , 44 , 45 , 49 ] and urogenital swab samples (n=7) [ 17 , 46 – 48 , 50 , 51 , 53 ] for women (clinical specimen not specified, n=1 [ 52 ]), and urine (n=3) [ 17 , 48 , 49 ] for men (clinical specimen not specified, n=1 [ 80 ]).…”

Burden of Disease of Gonorrhoea in Latin America: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…The studies included 103,965 participants, of whom 36,304 were males and 55,674 females (4898 pregnant). Age ranged from 0 years (< 3 month) [ 50 ] to 93 years [ 59 ], with mean age between 8.5 years [ 115 ] and 54 years [ 59 ] and median age between 7.9 years [ 113 ] and 45 years [ 95 ]. The reported female-to-male ratio was 1.5.…”