“…The Russian Federation, where the rate of smoking in the general population and among cancer patients far exceeds that reported in the USA and little is being done to address this public health problem [16, 17], is an ideal country to focus efforts on smoking cessation intervention development. Only one previous study examined the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among cancer patients in Russia [18]; this study indicated that 42% of patients were smokers and identified correlates of smoking, including being male, having lung cancer, and exhibiting low levels of knowledge concerning the negative effects of smoking, a low level of pros of quitting smoking, and a high level of cons of quitting smoking.…”