Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussion in an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision Sample

Houck, Zachary M; Asken, Breton M; Bauer, Russell M.; Pothast, Jason; Michaudet, Charlie; Clugston, James R.

doi:10.1177/0363546516645070

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The findings that during the preseason practices (a) athletes experienced more impacts on a per-session basis, and (b) were exposed to high-magnitude impacts at a higher-than-average rate, are consistent with multiple observations that most hits are experienced during the beginning of the season (Houck et al, 2016, Kerr et al, 2015). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The effect of repetitive subconcussive collisions on brain integrity in collegiate football players over a single football season: A multi-modal neuroimaging study

Slobounov

Walter

Breiter

et al. 2017

NeuroImage: Clinical

132

140

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The cumulative effect of repetitive subconcussive collisions on the structural and functional integrity of the brain remains largely unknown. Athletes in collision sports, like football, experience a large number of impacts across a single season of play. The majority of these impacts, however, are generally overlooked, and their long-term consequences remain poorly understood. This study sought to examine the effects of repetitive collisions across a single competitive season in NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision athletes using advanced neuroimaging approaches. Players were evaluated before and after the season using multiple MRI sequences, including T1-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), arterial spin labeling (ASL), resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). While no significant differences were found between pre- and post-season for DTI metrics or cortical volumes, seed-based analysis of rs-fMRI revealed significant (p < 0.05) changes in functional connections to right isthmus of the cingulate cortex (ICC), left ICC, and left hippocampus. ASL data revealed significant (p < 0.05) increases in global cerebral blood flow (CBF), with a specific regional increase in right postcentral gyrus. SWI data revealed that 44% of the players exhibited outlier rates (p < 0.05) of regional decreases in SWI signal. Of key interest, athletes in whom changes in rs-fMRI, CBF and SWI were observed were more likely to have experienced high G impacts on a daily basis. These findings are indicative of potential pathophysiological changes in brain integrity arising from only a single season of participation in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision, even in the absence of clinical symptoms or a diagnosis of concussion. Whether these changes reflect compensatory adaptation to cumulative head impacts or more lasting alteration of brain integrity remains to be further explored.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The effect of repetitive subconcussive collisions on brain integrity in collegiate football players over a single football season: A multi-modal neuroimaging study

Slobounov

Walter

Breiter

et al. 2017

NeuroImage: Clinical

132

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Section: Head/concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned previously, AF-related concussion has received significant attention within scientific research 74 . Indeed, this would appear justified considering the increase in concussion incidence between 2010-2014 compared to 2006-2009 74 . This increase in incidence is likely due to a multitude of factors, including improved recognition and reporting of such events 74 .…”

Section: Head/concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, this would appear justified considering the increase in concussion incidence between 2010-2014 compared to 2006-2009 74 . This increase in incidence is likely due to a multitude of factors, including improved recognition and reporting of such events 74 . A recent study within NCAA Division I football programs reported a concussion incidence rate of 4.46 per 1000 athlete exposures during games 74 .…”

Section: Head/concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Updated Review of the Applied Physiology of American College Football: Physical Demands, Strength and Conditioning, Nutrition, and Injury Characteristics of America’s Favorite Game

Fullagar¹,

McCunn²,

Murray³

2017

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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While there are various avenues for performance improvement in college American football (AF), there is no comprehensive evaluation of the collective array of resources around performance, physical conditioning, and injury and training/game characteristics to guide future research and inform practitioners. Accordingly, the aim of the present review was to provide a current examination of these areas in college AF. Recent studies show that there is a wide range of body compositions and strength characteristics between players, which appear to be influenced by playing position, level of play, training history/programming, and time of season. Collectively, game demands may require a combination of upper- and lower-body strength and power production, rapid acceleration (positive and negative), change of direction, high running speed, high-intensity and repetitive collisions, and muscle-strength endurance. These may be affected by the timing of and between-plays and/or coaching style. AF players appear to possess limited nutrition and hydration practices, which may be disadvantageous to performance. AF injuries appear due to a multitude of factors-strength, movement quality, and previous injury-while there is also potential for extrinsic factors such as playing surface type, travel, time of season, playing position, and training load. Future proof-of-concept studies are required to determine the quantification of game demands with regard to game style, type of opposition, and key performance indicators. Moreover, more research is required to understand the efficacy of recovery and nutrition interventions. Finally, the assessment of the relationship between external/internal-load constructs and injury risk is warranted.

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“…The sport prevalence has been reported as ranging from 2.5% to 18.9% of all participants, dependent on the sport and the level of activity. [6][7][8][9] The prevalence of MTBI in both MVA and sport injury patients may actually be higher than what has been reported. 10,11 Moreau et al 11 propose that a low recognition rate by primary care chiropractic or family practitioners (PCPs) may be one of many reasons that result in underreporting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Primary Contact Medical and Chiropractic Clinicians on Self-Reported Knowledge and Recognition of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Pilot Study

Taylor

Ponce²,

Dyess

2017

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the self-reported knowledge of concussion recognition and treatment with first-contact family medical and chiropractic practitioners by means of a pilot study of the need, construct validity, and feasibility for further investigation of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) knowledge base. Methods: Two hundred forty-eight practicing chiropractic and 120 medical physicians in the south and northeastern sections of the United States were contacted by e-mail, telephone, and postal mail to answer an 18-item survey on knowledge, diagnosis, and common practice with respect to traumatic brain injury patients. Descriptive analysis was used to assess common trends. Results: Twenty-three chiropractic and 11 medical primary care practitioners returned completed surveys, making this a low-power pilot study. The majority claimed confidence in diagnosis of MTBI, but a lack of knowledge of many of the assessment tools and the international guidelines. Chiropractic and medical clinicians revealed similar competencies and differing deficiencies. Both groups admitted infrequent diagnosis of MTBI in practice. There was recognition of major TBI signs, but lack of recognition or inquiry for subtle MTBI signs. Conclusions: There is a need and feasibility for further study of the knowledge transfer to the chiropractic physician with a larger population. These findings correlate with similar medical practitioner studies, and may also support previous findings of underreporting of the prevalence of MTBI. The survey instrument appears to provide valid data on knowledge of MTBIs, with some modifications. (J Chiropr Med 2017;16:19-30)

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Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussion in an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision Sample

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

The effect of repetitive subconcussive collisions on brain integrity in collegiate football players over a single football season: A multi-modal neuroimaging study

The effect of repetitive subconcussive collisions on brain integrity in collegiate football players over a single football season: A multi-modal neuroimaging study

Updated Review of the Applied Physiology of American College Football: Physical Demands, Strength and Conditioning, Nutrition, and Injury Characteristics of America’s Favorite Game

Survey of Primary Contact Medical and Chiropractic Clinicians on Self-Reported Knowledge and Recognition of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Pilot Study

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