Epidemiology of sport-related spinal cord injuries: A systematic review

Chan, Christie Wl; Eng, Janice J.; Tator, Charles H.; Krassioukov, Andrei V.

doi:10.1080/10790268.2016.1138601

Cited by 64 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Sports-related spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are uncommon outcomes of physical activity, although their rate is remarkably higher in some kinds of sports, such as rugby, diving and horseback riding [ 92 ]. The incidence of SCIs has dramatically reduced in the last decades; however, the devastating effect on the involved athletes’ quality of life has often rekindled media attention in these regards.…”

Section: Morpho-functional Alterations and Reproduction In Male Athlementioning

confidence: 99%

Sport, doping and male fertility

Sansone

Vaamonde

et al. 2018

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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It is universally accepted that lifestyle interventions are the first step towards a good overall, reproductive and sexual health. Cessation of unhealthy habits, such as tobacco, alcohol and drug use, poor nutrition and sedentary behavior, is suggested in order to preserve/improve fertility in humans. However, the possible risks of physical exercise per se or sports on male fertility are less known. Being “fit” does not only improve the sense of well-being, but also has beneficial effects on general health: in fact physical exercise is by all means a low-cost, high-efficacy method for preventing or treating several conditions, ranging from purely physical (diabetes and obesity) to psychological (depression and anxiety), highly influencing male reproduction. If male sexual and reproductive health could be positively affected by a proper physical activity, inadequate bouts of strength – both excessive intensity and duration of exercise training – are more likely to have detrimental effects. In addition, the illicit use of prohibited drugs (i.e. doping) has reached pandemic proportions, and their actions, unfortunately very often underestimated by both amateur and professional athletes, are known to disrupt at different levels and throughout various mechanisms the male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, resulting in hypogonadism and infertility.

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Section: Morpho-functional Alterations and Reproduction In Male Athlementioning

confidence: 99%

Sport, doping and male fertility

Sansone

Vaamonde

et al. 2018

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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“…[1][2][3][4] Also, while the majority of spinal cord injuries occur in the scrum, the tackle has the highest incidence for the most severe injuries. 5 During the tackle, both the player in possession of the ball (ball carrier) and the player(s) attempting to contest the ball and territory (tacklers) are at risk of injury, [6][7][8][9] although the mechanisms of injury may differ. 10 11 Although the tackle is a high-injury risk contest, the ability to repeatedly win the contest is also a key performance indicator, with successful teams winning more tackles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lay of the land: narrative synthesis of tackle research in rugby union and rugby sevens

Burger

Lambert

Hendricks

2020

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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ObjectivesThe purpose of this review was to synthesise both injury prevention and performance tackle-related research to provide rugby stakeholders with information on tackle injury epidemiology, including tackle injury risk factors and performance determinants, and to discuss potential preventative measures.DesignSystematic review and narrative synthesis.Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.Eligibility criteriaLimited to peer-reviewed English-only publications between January 1995 and October 2018.ResultsA total of 317 studies were identified, with 177 in rugby union and 13 were in rugby sevens. The tackle accounted for more than 50% of all injuries in rugby union and rugby sevens, both at the professional level and at the lower levels, with the rate of tackle injuries higher at the professional level (mean 32/1000 player-hours) compared with the lower levels (mean 17/1000 player-hours). A player’s tackle actions and technical ability were identified as major risk factors for injury and a key determinant of performance.Summary/conclusionEvidence-based education, progressive tackle technique training with a high potential to transfer and law changes have been proposed as key modifiers of player tackle actions and technical ability. Conceivably, all three modifiers working in unison (as opposed to separately) will have a higher potential at reducing tackle injury risk while enhancing performance. With the guidance of tackle injury and performance studies, as well as stakeholder engagement, experiential and explorative tackle research has the potential to inspire innovative injury prevention and performance strategies.

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“… 2 Compared with other sports, rugby has been identified as one of the individual sports with highest risk for SCI. 3 Though the actual risk is low, serious and potentially disabling injuries are associated with the sport. 4 In 2009, a nationwide injury prevention programme, ‘BokSmart’, was launched in South Africa in conjunction with the Chris Burger Petro Jackson Players’ Fund (CBPJPF) to reduce these catastrophic injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life among individuals with rugby-related spinal cord injuries in South Africa: a descriptive cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesRugby-related spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are rare but life altering and traumatic events. Little is known about the long-term consequences and outcomes of players who have sustained these injuries. This study investigated current quality of life (QoL) and factors associated with QoL, among individuals with rugby-related SCI in South Africa, by using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework.DesignDescriptive cross-sectional study.SettingRugby-related SCI population of South Africa, as captured in the BokSmart/Chris Burger Petro Jackson Players’ Fund database.ParticipantsNinety (n=90) of the 102 eligible players on the database agreed to participate in the study.Main outcome measureThe relationship between QoL, as measured with the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and specific independent variables (demographic information, level of independence and participation in various activities and life roles) was investigated. Variables that were significantly associated with QoL in bivariate analyses were included in multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsThe mean score and SD of the WHOQOL-BREF was 15.1±2.3 arbitrary units. Participation (an ICF framework construct) and income were significantly associated with overall QoL (p<0.001). Participation was the only variable significantly associated with all QoL subdomains (p<0.001). Additionally, number of health concerns, type of healthcare (public vs private) and level of education were significantly associated with various QoL domains (p<0.001).ConclusionsOn average, these individuals with rugby-related SCI presented with higher QoL scores than other comparable SCI studies. However, lower levels of participation and income, certain levels of education, increased health concerns and use of public healthcare were associated with lower levels of QoL. Sporting bodies have a responsibility to optimise player welfare, by acting on the modifiable factors associated with QoL.

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Epidemiology of sport-related spinal cord injuries: A systematic review

Cited by 64 publications

References 83 publications

Sport, doping and male fertility

Sport, doping and male fertility

Lay of the land: narrative synthesis of tackle research in rugby union and rugby sevens

Quality of life among individuals with rugby-related spinal cord injuries in South Africa: a descriptive cross-sectional study

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