Epidemiology of sports-related musculoskeletal injuries in young athletes in United States

Patel, Dilip R.; Yamasaki, Ai; Brown, Kelly

doi:10.21037/tp.2017.04.08

Cited by 112 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although knowledge and awareness about concussion has increased in recent years in both athletes and non-athletes [11][12][13]40], our ndings, in line with others, suggest that additional preventive strategies (i.e., rule changes, reduction of player-to-player contact in practice sessions) aimed to mitigate the risk of concussion among youth athletes are needed [10,11,40]. These preventive strategies would be especially bene cial for youth athletes who play contact or collision sports such as American football, ice hockey, and soccer [11,[39][40][41]. Identi cation and testing of such preventive strategies may reduce the incidence of concussion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Analyzing the Impact of a State Concussion Law using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Intervention Analysis

Huang

Sullivan

Yang

2020

Preprint

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Background: Existing studies analyzing the impact of state concussion laws have found an increase in concussion-related medical encounters post-law, in some instances, such increases were observed during the pre-law period due to a potential “spillover” effect. This study assessed the effects of Ohio’s concussion law, while accounting for such a “spillover” effect, on the trends in monthly rates of concussion-related medical encounters in Medicaid insured children using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) analysis.Methods: We analyzed claim data obtained from the Partners For Kids database, a pediatric accountable care organization in Ohio. Concussion-related medical encounters for Medicaid-insured children (ages 0-18 years) treated between April 1, 2008 to December 31, 2016 were selected and analyzed. We assessed pre- and post-law trends in concussion-related medical encounters using an ARIMA intervention model. We also used traditional regression methods to validate the study results.Results: A total of 16,943 concussion-related medical encounters sustained by 15,545 unique patients were included. Monthly rates of concussion-related medical encounters significantly increased from 4.64 per 10,000 member months during the pre-law period to 6.69 per 10,000 member months in the post-law period (P < 0.0001). Three upward breaks in the monthly rates of concussion-related medical encounters were observed between 2009 and 2016, with two breaks observed during the pre-law period. Specifically, the increased breakpoint observed in July 2011 (P = 0.0186) was significantly associated with an estimated 7.3% increase (95% CI: 1.1-13.7) in the rate of concussion-related medical encounters. This finding was confirmed in the Poisson regression and curve fitting models. Furthermore, a seasonal trend in concussion-related medical encounters was observed with the highest rates in September and October of each year. Conclusions: Two of the three upward breaks identified in the monthly rate of concussion-related medical encounters occurred before the enactment of Ohio’s concussion law, suggesting a potential “spillover” effect. Further research is needed to confirm such an effect in children with other types of medical insurance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Analyzing the Impact of a State Concussion Law using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Intervention Analysis

Huang

Sullivan

Yang

2020

Preprint

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“…8 The MSI rates of injuries in the military are equal or slightly higher compared to those among endurance athletes but quite lower than in contact sports. 4,9 Not surprisingly, MSIs are most seen in recruits and military trainees, compared to versed military personnel. 10,11 This is likely due to excessive and rapid increases in training loads in military trainees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Programs to Reduce the Risk of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Dijksma

Arslan

Etten-Jamaludin

et al. 2020

PM&R

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of exercise programs on reduction of musculoskeletal injury (MSI) risk in military populations. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Literature Survey: A database search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal, Open Gray, National Technical Reports Library, and reference lists of included articles up to July 2019. Randomized and cluster-randomized controlled trials evaluating exercise programs as preventive interventions for MSIs in armed forces compared to other exercise programs or to usual practice were eligible for inclusion. Methodology: Two authors independently assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Data were adjusted for clustering if necessary and pooled using the random-effects model when appropriate. Synthesis: We included 15 trials in this review, with a total number of 14 370 participants. None of the included trials appeared to be free of any risk of bias. Meta-analysis and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) assessment could be performed for static stretching compared to no stretching (3532 participants), showing low quality of evidence indicating no favorable effect of stretching. Gait retraining, an anterior knee-pain targeted program, and resistance exercises showed cautious favorable effects on reducing injury risk in military personnel. Conclusion: The current evidence base for exercise-based MSI prevention strategies in the military is of low quality. Areas worthy of further exploration include the effects of gait retraining, anterior knee-pain targeted programs, agility training, and resistance training programs, on medial tibial stress syndrome incidence, anterior knee pain incidence, attrition due to injuries and any type of MSI, respectively.

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“…2 In addition, having only time-loss injuries reported may hinder our findings, as non-time-loss injuries commonly include injuries of an overuse mechanism. 30,31 Finally, the data from which we are drawing conclusions are based solely on a subset of injured athletes within a population. They do not represent the incidence of overuse injuries in the larger, general population of scholastic and extrascholastic athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Overuse Injuries and Extrascholastic Sport Participation in High School Athletes 2009‐2010 through 2015‐2016

Ryder

Gnirke

Laker

et al. 2020

PM&R

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Introduction Overuse injuries (injuries due to repetitive loads with inadequate rest) can negatively affect high school athletes, but limited data exist on the effect of sports participation outside of the school‐sanctioned season on the development of overuse injuries. Objective Compare overuse injury patterns among high school athletes who participate in extrascholastic athletics to those participating only in scholastic sports. Design Descriptive cross‐sectional, secondary analysis of injury data collected on high school athletes across 22 sports over the 2009‐2010 through 2015‐2016 academic years. Setting Deidentified data collected as part of the High School Reporting Information Online study (HS RIO). Participants High school athletes from a large convenience sample of U.S. high schools. Main Outcome Measurements Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were computed overall and for individual sports to compare the proportion of overuse injuries in athletes competing in extrascholastic sports to athletes participating only in scholastic athletics. Results Overall, extrascholastic athletes experienced a higher proportion of overuse injuries compared to scholastic‐only athletes (IPR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13‐1.30), but this association varied by sport. Among extrascholastic athletes, a higher proportion of overuse injuries occurred in those simultaneously playing the same sport outside the school setting (IPR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.11‐1.57) as well as having experienced an injury within the past year (IPR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.36‐1.95) compared to those sustaining non‐overuse injuries. Conclusions Overuse injuries were associated with extrascholastic athletics and occurred in higher proportion in extrascholastic athletes who were playing the same sport in more than one league.

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Epidemiology of sports-related musculoskeletal injuries in young athletes in United States

Cited by 112 publications

References 15 publications

Analyzing the Impact of a State Concussion Law using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Intervention Analysis

Analyzing the Impact of a State Concussion Law using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Intervention Analysis

Exercise Programs to Reduce the Risk of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Relationship of Overuse Injuries and Extrascholastic Sport Participation in High School Athletes 2009‐2010 through 2015‐2016

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