Epidemiology of Tetanus in Finland from 1969 to 1985

Luisto, Marjaana

doi:10.3109/00365548909021694

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Of persons returning to work after contracting tetanus, one study found 13% were out of work less than 1 month, 57% were out of work 1 to 3 months, and 26% were out of work greater than 3 months (Luisto, 1992). In a previous study (Luisto 1980), tetanus survivors were found to be at higher risk for subsequent muscular fatigue and cramps, nervousness, decreased mental functioning, difficulties with balance, speech and memory, development of palsies, muscular atrophy, and reduced tendon reflexes. When tetanus occurs, the risk of death is substantial.…”

Section: Rationale For Treatment Vs Prevention Costsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Status of Tetanus in the United States

McIntee¹

1995

AAOHN Journal

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Health Nurses in Agricultural Communities (OHNAC)* of Iowa identified a case of localized tetanus through active surveillance of emergency room records. A 46 year old horse owner incurred a flap laceration of the left thumb as he added concrete blocks to a drag used to even the ground in the horse arena. The wound was vigorously cleaned with soap and water, and he related having difficulty removing debris from the laceration. Stiffness in the thumb persisted for 8 days. During the course of the eighth day, tetany progressed up his arm into his shoulder and neck area. Physical examination showed decreased sensation over the distal two thirds of the left arm, hyper-reflexive deep tendon reflexes, and increased muscle tone of the left arm. Cerebellar function and gait were normal. Intramuscular injections of 3,000 IV of tetanus immune globulin and a tetanus-diphtheria booster were administered over seven sites. He reported primary childhood tetanus immunizations and a booster in December 1984. His recovery was complete and uneventful. Risk factors in this case include age, sex, warm weather, manure/soil environment, inability to completely clean

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Section: Rationale For Treatment Vs Prevention Costsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Status of Tetanus in the United States

McIntee¹

1995

AAOHN Journal

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“…Altogether 106 cases of tetanus were found (mean 6.2 cases/year). There were 63 men and 43 women, and their ages ranged from 5 to 92 (mean 49.7, SD 18.0) year s; 12 patients (11.3070) died (11 For 100 patients a primary lesion leading to tetanus was identified . The records of these patients were analyzed regarding occupational accidents compensated by an insurance company.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its incidence decreases, and the cases of tetanus are often caused by mino r injuries (3). Although the epidemiology of tetanus in developed countries has been thoroughly examined (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), very little is known of tetanus as a complication of occupational accidents. Because of the occurrence of tetanus spores in the environment, the farming population has been suspected to be especially at risk of tetanus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetanus caused by occupational accidents.

Luisto¹,

Seppäläinen²

1992

Scand J Work Environ Health

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LUISTO M, SEPpALAINEN A-M. Tetanus caused by occupational accidents. Scand J Work Environ Health 1992;18:323-6. The role of occupational accidents as a source of tetanus is poorly known. In Finland, during the period 1969-1985 ,28 (26010) of the 106 cases of tetanus werecausedby occupational accidents, 16 of which occurred in agriculture and forestry. Twenty-one of the patients were men and sevenwerewomen. The mean annual incidence of tetanus was 1 per 100000 occupational accidentsduring the study period. The cases wereconcentrated in summer and autumn. Most of the primary injuries were minor, 61% of the injuries occurring in the hands and fingers. Forty-three percent of the patients had not been immunized against tetanus, and 46% were unaware of their state of immunization. The systematic immunization of the population against tetanus is important because the diseaseis often caused by slight injuries not requiring treatment by health care personnel. This need is emphasized for work in agriculture, forestry, and other branches in which contact with soil or animals occurs.

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“…Solid waste workers are also prone to puncture injuries further demonstrating the evidence for an infectious pathway for tetanus. Seven of the studies reported an age-related decrease in tetanus immunity (Bizzini et al 1978, Simonsen et al 1984, Matzkin et al 1985, Carducci et al 1987, Cellesi et al 1988, Luisto 1989, Holland & Carruth 2001.…”

Section: Waste Management and Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccinations for waste-handling workers. A review of the literature

Tooher

Griffin²,

Shute

et al. 2005

Waste Manag Res

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A review of the literature relating to the need for vaccination against infectious disease in the solid waste industry was conducted, focusing on hepatitis A, hepatitis B and tetanus. Databases (Medline, PreMedline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Current Contents, Cochrane Database, HTA Database, DARE, OSHROM) were searched up to and including August 2003. Articles were included in the review if they reported the prevalence of immunity to hepatitis A, hepatitis B or tetanus in solid waste workers or the incidence of clinical infection with any of these diseases. Papers about hazardous or medical waste, incineration or other infectious diseases were excluded. Forty-four papers constituted the evidence database. Only one paper studied the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A and hepatitis B in solid waste workers compared with sewage plant workers and office workers, and no difference was found between these groups of workers. There was some evidence to support a theoretical risk of infection with hepatitis A, B and tetanus; however, no studies could be found of the risk of these diseases in solid waste workers. No single cases of these diseases being acquired occupationally in solid waste management were identified in the literature. Workers in the solid waste industry may theoretically be at increased risk of acquiring infectious diseases occupationally. However, at present no studies could be found which have documented this risk.

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Epidemiology of Tetanus in Finland from 1969 to 1985

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

The Status of Tetanus in the United States

The Status of Tetanus in the United States

Tetanus caused by occupational accidents.

Vaccinations for waste-handling workers. A review of the literature

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