Epidemiology of the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi in changing landscapes

Cuenca, Pablo Ruiz; Key, Stephanie; Jumail, Amaziasizamoria; Surendra, Henry; Ferguson, Heather M.; Drakeley, Chris; Fornace, Kimberly

doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2021.08.006

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 302 publications

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“…This may mean that forestrelated occupations such as logging, mining and farming associated with potentially greater vector exposure are more common in Sarawak and Sabah than West Kalimantan. There may also be other ecological and demographic factors at play such as cross-border differences in deforestation, habitat fragmentation, agricultural expansion, socioeconomic changes and wildlife reservoirs that can influence P. knowlesi transmission 31 . It is not possible to determine whether the lack of zoonotic infections in the Kapuas Hulu District is due to smaller populations of the two macaque hosts of zoonotic malaria parasites compared with the geographically adjacent Kapit Division of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, since no data are available on macaque populations in these two regions, but the mosquito vectors are present on both sides of the border 29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of simian Plasmodium infections in humans in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Sugiarto

Natalia

Mohamad

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The simian parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is the predominant species causing human malaria infection, including hospitalisations for severe disease and death, in Malaysian Borneo. By contrast, there have been only a few case reports of knowlesi malaria from Indonesian Borneo. This situation seems paradoxical since both regions share the same natural macaque hosts and Anopheles mosquito vectors, and therefore have a similar epidemiologically estimated risk of infection. To determine whether there is a true cross-border disparity in P. knowlesi prevalence, we conducted a community-based malaria screening study using PCR in Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan. Blood samples were taken between April and September 2019 from 1000 people aged 6 months to 85 years attending health care facilities at 27 study sites within or close to jungle areas. There were 16 Plasmodium positive samples by PCR, five human malarias (two Plasmodium vivax, two Plasmodium ovale and one Plasmodium malariae) and 11 in which no species could be definitively identified. These data suggest that, if present, simian malarias including P. knowlesi are rare in the Kapuas Hulu District of West Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo compared to geographically adjacent areas of Malaysian Borneo. The reason for this discrepancy, if confirmed in other epidemiologically similar regions of Indonesian Borneo, warrants further studies targeting possible cross-border differences in human activities in forested areas, together with more detailed surveys to complement the limited data relating to monkey hosts and Anopheles mosquito vectors in Indonesian Borneo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of simian Plasmodium infections in humans in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Sugiarto

Natalia

Mohamad

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“… 63 , 64 Increased incidences of P. knowlesi are likely due to environmental changes such as deforestation, increased forest-related human activities, and potentially peridomestic transmission. 74 Plasmodium knowlesi diagnosis is challenging 75 —it is often misdiagnosed by microscopy due to its resemblance to P. malariae and P. falciparum, current RDTs are not sufficiently sensitive to detect P. knowlesi, and confirmation requires the use of molecular methods. 61 , 76 Its presence as coinfections with other human malaria parasites and in asymptomatic infections also complicates diagnosis and detection, resulting in an underestimate of its real burden.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Border Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidisciplinary Investigations of Sustained Malaria Transmission in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Sattabongkot

Aung

Brashear

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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ABSTRACT. In the course of malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), malaria epidemiology has experienced drastic spatiotemporal changes with residual transmission concentrated along international borders and the rising predominance of Plasmodium vivax. The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to artemisinin and partner drugs renders artemisinin-based combination therapies less effective while the potential spread of multidrug-resistant parasites elicits concern. Vector behavioral changes and insecticide resistance have reduced the effectiveness of core vector control measures. In recognition of these problems, the Southeast Asian International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) has been conducting multidisciplinary research to determine how human migration, antimalarial drug resistance, vector behavior, and insecticide resistance sustain malaria transmission at international borders. These efforts allow us to comprehensively understand the ecology of border malaria transmission and develop population genomics tools to identify and track parasite introduction. In addition to employing in vivo, in vitro, and molecular approaches to monitor the emergence and spread of drug-resistant parasites, we also use genomic and genetic methods to reveal novel mechanisms of antimalarial drug resistance of parasites. We also use omics and population genetics approaches to study insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and identify changes in mosquito community structure, vectorial potential, and seasonal dynamics. Collectively, the scientific findings from the ICEMR research activities offer a systematic view of the factors sustaining residual malaria transmission and identify potential solutions to these problems to accelerate malaria elimination in the GMS.

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“… 27 , 28 , 29 P. vivax and P. knowlesi are co-endemic in humans across much of Southeast Asia. 30 Risk-factors for exposure to P. knowlesi and P. vivax differ, 31 as do spatial clusters of infections, 29 treatment, 32 and risk mitigation strategies. 31 For these reasons, and to optimize the utility of serological markers in Southeast Asia, it is of particular importance to characterize cross-reactivity against the P. vivax serological exposure markers in individuals with recent P. knowlesi infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium vivax malaria serological exposure markers: Assessing the degree and implications of cross-reactivity with P. knowlesi

Longley¹,

Grigg²,

Schoffer³

et al. 2022

Cell Reports Medicine

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Epidemiology of the zoonotic malaria Plasmodium knowlesi in changing landscapes

Cited by 23 publications

References 302 publications

A survey of simian Plasmodium infections in humans in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

A survey of simian Plasmodium infections in humans in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Multidisciplinary Investigations of Sustained Malaria Transmission in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Plasmodium vivax malaria serological exposure markers: Assessing the degree and implications of cross-reactivity with P. knowlesi

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