Epidemiology of Theileria equi in Persian Arab horses from Iran

Bahrami, Somayeh; Ghadrdan, A. R.; Borujeni, Mahdi Pourmahdi; Salarpur, M. V.

doi:10.17221/7680-vetmed

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…T. equi was significantly higher in recreation (p=0.03) and racing (p=0.02) equines. These results are in agreement with Bahrami et al (2014). This may be due to that physical stressor that may temporarily the immune system and immune-compromised animals have been shown to be more susceptible to infection (Sevinc et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi Infections in Equids from Erbil Province, North of Iraq

Aziz¹,

Al-Barwary²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2019

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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This study performed molecular detection and analysis of the heterogeneity of the 18S rRNA gene isolates obtained from equids such as horse, mule, donkey and pony from Erbil province, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that 76/136 (55.88%) of equine were infected with piroplasms, with Theileria equi (P=41.91%; CI=3.76-14.77%) more prevalent than Babesia caballi (P=8.82%; CI=1.00%), while mixed infection was less (P=5.15%; CI=0.21-1.46%) with a significant difference (P<0.001). There was a significant association between the prevalence of T. equi and recreation (p<0.03) or racing (p<0.02), and but neither the type of equids nor the gender and age groups was significantly associated with prevalence. The obtained sequences were utilized for characterizing the genotypes and phylogeny of both the protozoa. BLAST analysis indicated 98-100% similarity to species isolated in Turkey, Malaysia, Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, Iran, Brazil and South Africa. Four 18S rRNA genotype clades were observed for T. equi (A, B, C and D) and two for B. caballi (A and B). Genetic variation found among the equids in Erbil province is probably due to introduction of equines from other countries without quarantine measures. This study indicates that infection with T. equi is more prevalent than that of B. caballi in the studied area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi Infections in Equids from Erbil Province, North of Iraq

Aziz¹,

Al-Barwary²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2019

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…Some studies show female to be more infected than males to T. equi [66,67]. Some other researchers found no correlation between seropositivity and sex to both B. caballi and T. equi [69,70]. Finally, others found males to be more infected than females with regards to B. caballi infection [1].…”

Section: Risk Factors Associated With Equine Piroplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control

Onyiche

Suganuma

Igarashi

et al. 2019

IJERPH

107

109

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Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. The disease is responsible for serious economic losses to the equine industry. It principally affects donkeys, horses, mules, and zebra but DNA of the parasites has also been detected in dogs and camels raising doubt about their host specificity. The disease is endemic in tropical and temperate regions of the world where the competent tick vectors are prevalent. Infected equids remain carrier for life with T. equi infection, whilst, infection with B. caballi is cleared within a few years. This review focuses on all aspects of the disease from the historical overview, biology of the parasite, epidemiology of the disease (specifically highlighting other non-equine hosts, such as dogs and camels), vector, clinical manifestations, risk factors, immunology, genetic diversity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

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“…Equine piroplasmosis has economic importance in the equestrian industry due to low performance in work and sports activities, restriction of transboundary movement, cost of hospitalization and high mortality rate of infected animals (Bahrami et al, 2014;Friedhoff et al, 1990;Malekifard et al, 2014). The current study proved the detection of Theileria equi of the 18S rRNA gene by PCR in 42 out of 110 samples, with percentages reaching 38.18% in horses suffering from main disease signs (pyrexia and icterus).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and occurrence of equine theileriosis in Arabian horses in Al-Najaf province/Iraq

Al-Rammahi

Hatem

Al-Atabi

2020

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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This study was designed to detect equine piroplasmosis using the molecular technique in Al-Najaf province during the season that showed an increment in tick activities. Blood samples were collected from 110 horses with more than two signs of piroplasmosis. After DNA extraction, the product was examined by a polymerase chain reaction to amplify 18SrRNA. The results showed that the overall percentage of equine theileriosis was 38.18%. According to gender, the percentage of infection was 43.48% and 29.27% in females and males, respectively. Significant variations appeared between infected horses according to age, and the percentage of infection was 50% and 35.22% in less than 2 years and more than 2 years age, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of infection was 62.5% and 19.35% in animals with and without acariasis, respectively. Significant variations were also seen in equine theileriosis according to geographical areas, and the higher percentage was reported in Hera district (60.87%), while the lowest percentage was in the center of Al-Najaf (21.43%). This difference may be due to different distribution of vector of disease (tick), which may be the availability of the suitable weather that helped in the multiplication of the intermediate vectors. In conclusion, this study proved the variations in the occurrences of equine piroplasmosis according to gender, age, and geographical areas.

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Epidemiology of Theileria equi in Persian Arab horses from Iran

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi Infections in Equids from Erbil Province, North of Iraq

Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi Infections in Equids from Erbil Province, North of Iraq

A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control

Molecular detection and occurrence of equine theileriosis in Arabian horses in Al-Najaf province/Iraq

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