Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer

Figge, James

doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-199-2_7

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…2 The incidence rates of thyroid cancer vary by sex, age and geographic region. 3 Females are more likely to develop thyroid cancer than males, with an approximately 3:1 female-to-male ratio. 3 The risk of thyroid cancer increases with age, and it is reported that thyroid cancer occurs more frequently in aged people than in younger people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Females are more likely to develop thyroid cancer than males, with an approximately 3:1 female-to-male ratio. 3 The risk of thyroid cancer increases with age, and it is reported that thyroid cancer occurs more frequently in aged people than in younger people. 4 The incidence rates are higher in the more developed countries, such as Korea, United States, Canada, Italy and Austria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) and susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer

Yuan

et al. 2015

Clinical Endocrinology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) and susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer

Yuan

et al. 2015

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…The high proportion of patients diagnosed with FTC seen at ORCI in Tanzania is in keeping with what is seen elsewhere in areas with inadequate dietary iodine intake. 5 Furthermore, anaplastic and Hurthle cell subtypes have been reported to be more prevalent in areas with long-standing deficient dietary iodine. 7,13 The majority of patients with FTC seen at ORCI resided in areas associated with dietary iodine deficiency, as also reported in South Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether this increase in thyroid cancer diagnoses represents an actual increase in thyroid cancer incidence or advances in technology on a global level has been a subject of much debate. 2,5 Similarly, the increase in thyroid cancer diagnoses at a single institution in Tanzania could be attributed to improvements in technology and access to medical care. Although ORCI is currently the only specialized cancer hospital in Tanzania, this institution would be expected to see a relatively small fraction of potential thyroid malignancies in the country, and there may be selection bias in the demographics and pathologies of patients presenting to this institution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Histologically, the 2 most frequent subtypes of thyroid cancer are papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), 1,3 both derived from follicular epithelial cells and collectively referred to as differentiated thyroid cancer . 4 The etiology for the majority of differentiated thyroid cancers is unknown, but childhood radiation exposure 2,5 and dietary iodine deficiency have been implicated as risk factors. 6 Hurthle cell carcinoma, FTC, and anaplastic thyroid cancers have been associated with dietary iodine deficiency.…”

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Thyroid Cancer and Iodine Deficiency Status: A 10‐Year Review at a Single Cancer Center in Tanzania

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveTo highlight the magnitude and distribution of thyroid cancer at the largest cancer center in Tanzania and to correlate patient region of residence with regions of dietary iodine adequacy and deficiency in the country.Study DesignA retrospective cross-sectional chart review to characterize patients with thyroid cancer and regions of residence.SettingOcean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI), the largest cancer center in Tanzania.Subjects and MethodsSubjects had histologically confirmed thyroid cancer and no history of cancer treatment. Between January 2006 and April 2016, the cases of 139 consecutive patients with thyroid cancer at ORCI were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were grouped into those from iodine-adequate and iodine-deficient regions, based on the Tanzania demographic and health survey.ResultsPatients’ median age was 47 years (range, 17-73 years), and the male:female ratio was 1:5. The number of people with thyroid cancer seen at ORCI increased steadily during the study period, with no significant difference between papillary (46%) and follicular (45%) diagnoses. Nonpapillary cancers occurred more frequently among males and patients ≥45 years of age, but these did not reach statistical significance. Seventy-five percent of all thyroid cancers were from areas of iodine deficiency, and this was similar in papillary and follicular cancer subtypes.ConclusionThe incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer is increasing at the largest cancer center in Tanzania, whereby papillary and follicular subtypes were significantly higher in regions with long-standing dietary iodine deficiency.

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Incidence and survival of Swedish patients with differentiated thyroid cancer

Lundgren

Hall

Ekbom

et al. 2003

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Key words: thyroid carcinoma; papillary; follicular; incidence; prognosis; excess mortalityAlthough thyroid cancers are rare in children and adolescents, they are still one of the most frequent cancers in these age groups. They constitute 1% of all malignancies worldwide 1 and are heterogeneous in terms of histology, clinical presentation, treatment response, and prognosis. Papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) thyroid carcinomas are the two entities referred to as differentiated non-medullary thyroid carcinomas of the follicular epithelium. Differentiated non-medullary thyroid cancer is more common among women, particularly during the fertile part of women's life.PTC is the most common of the 2 entities, comprising between 60 -90% of differentiated thyroid cancer. 2 The incidence of PTC for women rises to a peak at 55-65 years, whereas this pattern is less pronounced in men. 3 The incidence of FTC increases slowly with age and reaches its highest level around 60 years of age for both men and women.The only established risk factor for thyroid cancer in humans, besides age and gender, is ionizing radiation. 4 Studies of individuals living in the Chernobyl areas and of the survivors of the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki have shown an increased risk of particularly PTC, although only among those exposed as children. 4 Sex hormones, iodine deficiency and other factors have been proposed as risk factors for thyroid cancer but findings are inconsistent. 5

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Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) and susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer

Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) and susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer

Thyroid Cancer and Iodine Deficiency Status: A 10‐Year Review at a Single Cancer Center in Tanzania

Incidence and survival of Swedish patients with differentiated thyroid cancer

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