Epidemiology of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: profile of an urban population in the south‐west of England

Abstract

Occupational exposure and cigarette smoking have been well documented as risk factors in the development of TCC of the bladder, as has slow acetylation status. There are very few studies linking bladder cancer with alcohol consumption. It is important to subdivide types of alcohol consumed when considering this factor in an epidemiological study. In the case of beer, methods used by different brewing processes may also contribute to differences found, were such a study to be performed on a national scale.

Geographical differences in cancer incidence in the Belgian province of Limburg

“…Interactions between these exposure factors have also been identified (13)(14)(15)(16). We compared the proportion of ever versus never smokers in both groups and found no difference (chi², p=0.12).…”

“…In both males and females, bladder cancer has been related to slow acetylation polymorphism (12,13), smoking (13)(14)(15)(16) and occupational exposure in the dye, rubber and tyre industry (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Interactions between these exposure factors have also been identified (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

A meta-analysis of alcohol intake and risk of bladder cancer

“…Upon closer examination, sixteen articles did not provide sufficient information to estimate a summary odds ratio and its 95% confidence intervals [17][18][19][20][21][22], or a summary odds ratio adjusted for at least age, sex and smoking [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The remaining 19 articles [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] were chosen for detailed review.…”

Coffee and tea consumption and cancers of the bladder, colon and rectum

“…A meta-analysis of 20 studies published up to 1993 calculated pooled risk estimates for regular use of coffee of 1.26 (95% CI 1.12-1.41) for males and 1.15 (95% CI 0.96-1.38) for females; the risk estimates for the eight studies satisfying the authors' quality criteria were lower and non-significant (Viscoli et al, 1993). Studies published after this metaanalysis showed no association between bladder cancer and coffee consumption (Escolar Pujolar et al, 1993;Stensvold and Jacobsen, 1994;D'Avanzo et al, 1995;Bruemmer et al, 1997;Probert et al, 1998;Zeegers et al, 2001) or small increased risks (Chyou et al, 1993;Vena et al, 1993;Momas et al, 1994;Donato et al, 1997;Pohlabeln et al, 1999). Many researchers have reported higher risks in never smokers (Marrett et al, 1983;Ciccone and Vineis, 1988;Risch et al, 1988;Clavel and Cordier, 1991;D'Avanzo et al, 1992;Escolar Pujolar et al, 1993;Vena et al, 1993;Donato et al, 1997).…”

“…Reported associations between bladder cancer risk and coffee consumption tend to be null or slightly positive (Vena et al, 1993;Viscoli et al, 1993;Donato et al, 1997;Probert et al, 1998;Tavani and La Vecchia, 2000) but many researchers have reported higher risks in never smokers (Marrett et al, 1983;Ciccone and Vineis, 1988;Risch et al, 1988;Clavel and Cordier, 1991;Mills et al, 1991;Vena et al, 1993;D'Avanzo et al, 1992;Donato et al, 1997). The association between bladder cancer risk and tea drinking has been examined less frequently and findings have been inconsistent, with reports of no association (D'Avanzo et al, 1992;La Vecchia et al, 1992;Bruemmer et al, 1997), reduced risk (La Vecchia et al, 1989), or increased risk (Jensen et al, 1986;Slattery et al, 1988b).…”