Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury

Iaccarino, Corrado; Gerosa, Andrea; Viaroli, Edoardo

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78075-3_1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This finding is supported by different literature conducted in Tanzania [ 33 ], Spain [ 41 ], Uganda [ 37 ], Hawasa [ 5 ], and Felegehiwot [ 14 ]. This is due to bleeding outside or within the brain can result in a collection of clotted blood (hematoma) that puts pressure on the brain and damages brain tissue, thus surgery relieves pressure inside the skull by draining accumulated blood or creating a window in the skull that provides more room for swollen tissues [ 19 ].This study found that Coagulopathy patients have an increased hazard of death. This result is supported by a study conducted in America [ 38 ], and China [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resource constraints and inconsistencies in clinical personnel training play an important role when considering the treatment of patients with TBI [ 15 ]. Given these problems, the probability of dying from TBI is far greater in LMICs, including Ethiopia, with some areas experiencing as high as a 50% mortality rate in moderate-to-severe cases of TBI [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ethiopia, TBI is a significant public health problem with a reported prevalence of 39.7% and it is the leading reason behind mortality and disability [ 1 , 18 ]. The effects of TBI are not limited to an individual’s health but are also a cause of increased socioeconomic burden to the family as well as to the country in general [ 19 ]. The incidence of mortality secondary to TBI is ranging from 2.26 to 2.6 per 100-person day observations in Ethiopia [ 5 ] [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and predictors of mortality among traumatic brain injury patients admitted to Amhara region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, northwest Ethiopia, 2022

Demlie,

Alemu,

Messelu

et al. 2023

BMC Emerg Med

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Introduction Traumatic brain injury is a substantial cause of mortality and morbidity with a higher burden in low and middle-income countries due to healthcare systems that are unable to deliver effectively the acute and long-term care the patients require. Besides its burden, there is little information on traumatic brain injury-related mortality in Ethiopia, especially in the region. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among traumatic brain injury patients admitted to comprehensive specialized hospitals in the Amhara region, northwest Ethiopia, 2022. Methods An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 544 traumatic brain injury patients admitted from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. A simple random sampling method was used. Data were extracted using a pre-tested and structured data abstraction sheet. Data were entered, coded, and cleaned into EPi-info version 7.2.0.1 software and exported to STATA version 14.1 for analysis. The Weibull regression model was fitted to determine the association between time to death and covariates. Variables with a P-value < 0.05 were declared statistically significant. Results The overall incidence of mortality among traumatic brain injury patients was 1.23 per 100 person-day observation [95% (CI: 1.0, 1.5)] with a median survival time of 106 (95% CI: 60, 121) days. Age [AHR: 1.08 (95% CI; 1.06, 1.1)], severe traumatic brain injury [AHR: 10 (95% CI; 3.55, 28.2)], moderate traumatic brain injury [AHR: 9.2 (95% CI 2.97, 29)], hypotension [AHR: 6.9 (95% CI; 2.8, 17.1)], coagulopathy [AHR: 2.55 (95% CI: 1.27, 5.1)], hyperthermia [AHR: 2.79 (95% CI; 1.4, 5.5)], and hyperglycemia [AHR: 2.28 (95% CI; 1.13, 4.6)] were positively associated with mortality while undergoing neurosurgery were negatively associated with mortality [AHR: 0.47 (95% CI; 0.27-0 0.82)]. Conclusion The overall incidence of mortality was found to be high. Age, severe and moderate traumatic brain injury, hypotension at admission, coagulopathy, presence of associated aspiration pneumonia, undergoing a neurosurgical procedure, episode of hyperthermia, and hyperglycemia during hospitalization were the independent predictors of time to death. Therefore, interventions to reduce mortality should focus on the prevention of primary injury and secondary brain injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and predictors of mortality among traumatic brain injury patients admitted to Amhara region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, northwest Ethiopia, 2022

Demlie,

Alemu,

Messelu

et al. 2023

BMC Emerg Med

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“…According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO), 15 million people are victims of TBI every year (deaths or hospitalizations), and the disease may become the leading cause of death and disability by 2030 2 . In all scenarios, the male gender is the most affected 3,4 . It is, therefore, a critical global public health problem that deserves special attention.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prognostic value of serum creatinine in traumatic brain injury

Ferreira¹,

Santos²,

Marim³

et al. 2021

jbnc

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Introdution: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex event, plenty of populational and regional peculiarities, with multiple causes and different levels of severity, having a wide range of prognosis. Objectives: To present and identify the prognostic association of serum creatinine dosage at admission of TBI patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil. Methods: Quantitative, retrospective and documental study based on the analysis of medical records of TBI patients presented at the Clinics Hospital of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro in the city of Uberaba, Brazil, from January 2007 to December 2017. Results: A total of 794 TBI patients were included. The mean value of serum creatinine was higher in males with severe TBI, altered CT, subdural hematoma, brain swelling, pneumocephalus, and death outcome, and with increasing values the higher the age range. Serum creatinine was also independently associated with the death outcome (after adjustment through multivariate logistic regression) (CR: 1.64; CI: 1.25-2.15). The serum creatinine value of 1.18 mg/dL represented the cutoff point of best specificity (89.12%; CI: 86.4-91.5) and sensitivity (42.13%; CI: 34.8- 49.7). Conclusions: Serum creatinine was independently associated with the death outcome, proving to be a promising laboratory predictor of TBI.

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The burden of traumatic brain injury on caregivers: exploring the predictive factors in a multi-centric study

Ilaghi,

Gharib,

Pirani

et al. 2024

BMC Psychol

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Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. With survivors often exhibiting degrees of function loss, a significant burden is exerted on their caregivers. The purpose of this study was to explore the predictive factors of caregiver burden among caregivers of patients with TBI. Methods Sixty-eight family members of individuals with a TBI who had been admitted to three hospitals were assessed in terms of caregiver burden using the Zarit Burden Interview. The association of caregiver burden with patients’ baseline cognitive function according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, as well as caregivers’ sociodemographic characteristics, were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. Results Based on the multiple regression model, the MoCA score of the patients (std β=-0.442, p < 0.001), duration of caregiving (std β = 0.228, p = 0.044), and higher education of the caregivers (std β = 0.229, p = 0.038) were significant predictors of caregiver burden. Conclusion Overall, our findings highlight the importance of taking caregivers’ psychosocial needs into account. Long-term caregivers of TBI patients with cognitive impairment should be viewed as vulnerable individuals who could benefit from psychosocial intervention programs, to improve their well-being and enabling them to enrich their care of the TBI patient.

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Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Incidence and predictors of mortality among traumatic brain injury patients admitted to Amhara region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, northwest Ethiopia, 2022

Incidence and predictors of mortality among traumatic brain injury patients admitted to Amhara region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, northwest Ethiopia, 2022

Prognostic value of serum creatinine in traumatic brain injury

The burden of traumatic brain injury on caregivers: exploring the predictive factors in a multi-centric study

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