Epidemiology of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Canada

Pickett, Gwynedd E.; Campos-Benitez, Mauricio; Keller, Jana L.; Duggal, Neil

doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000207258.80129.03

Cited by 343 publications

(353 citation statements)

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“…Vertebral fracture-dislocation has been cited as the most common mechanism of cervical SCI in humans (Sekhon and Fehlings, 2001), is associated with ''complete'' SCI in humans (Pickett et al, 2006), and in rats causes more severe histological indices of damage compared to contusion and flexion-distraction injury mechanisms (Choo et al, 2007;. Despite this, fracture-dislocation is relatively understudied injury mechanism in experimental SCI research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example in the province of Ontario in Canada, those 65 years of age and older have a higher rate of SCI than the 20-39 year group, leading to a bimodal age profile for SCI (Pickett et al, 2003;Pickett et al, 2006). The prevalence of comorbidities before SCI is significantly higher for elderly versus young persons, and secondary complications after SCI are more frequent among individuals with preexisting medical conditions (Krassioukov et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of the epidemiologic evidence which demonstrates the high incidence of SCI in elderly persons (Nobunaga et al, 1999;Kannus et al, 2000;Pickett et al, 2003;O'Connor, 2006;Pickett et al, 2006;Kannus et al, 2007), one significant limitation of our understanding of these injuries is that the vast majority of experimental studies have been conducted with young animal specimens. To date, only five studies have investigated the potential influence of advanced age on SCI by investigating rats greater than 12 months of age (rats have a lifespan of over 2 years).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the vast majority of SCI in older adults occur in the cervical as opposed to thoracic region (Nobunaga et al, 1999;Pickett et al, 2006), there is a clear need for experimental animal models that investigate agerelated differences in cervical SCI. However, very little is known about how advanced age influences the morphometry of the rat cervical spine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Advanced Age on the Morphometry and Degenerative State of the Cervical Spine in a Rat Model

Laing

Cox

Tetzlaff

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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Aging causes changes in the geometry of the human cervical spine that may influence the tissue response to applied loads. Rat models are often used to study spinal cord injuries (SCI) and have the potential to enhance our understanding of the effect of age on SCI. The goal of this study was to characterize the morphometry and degenerative state of the cervical spine in Fisher 344 rats, and to determine the influence of age on these variables. Fifteen rats were split into three age groups: young adult (3 months of age), aged (12-18 months) and geriatric (30 months). Following tissue harvest we used a lCT scanner to image the cervical and upper thoracic spine from each specimen. Analysis software was used to measure variables including canal pinch diameter (the most rostral point on the dorsal aspect of a vertebral body to the most caudal aspect of the lamina on the immediately rostral vertebra), vertebral canal depth, width, and area, vertebral body height, depth, width, and area, and intervertebral disc thickness. Orthopaedic surgeons used midsagittal images to rate the degenerative state of the intervertebral discs. For all measures except disc thickness there was a significant increase (mean (SD) ¼ 15.0 (9.7)%) for the aged compared to young specimens (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the aged and geriatric specimens for only vertebral body depth (P ¼ 0.016) and area (P ¼ 0.020). Intervertebral disc degeneration was significantly greater on the ventral aspect of the spinal column (P < 0.001), with a trend toward increased degeneration in the geriatric specimens (P ¼ 0.069). The results suggest that agerelated morphometric differences may need to be accounted for in experimental aging models of SCI in rats. Anat Rec, 294:1326Rec, 294: -1336Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of Advanced Age on the Morphometry and Degenerative State of the Cervical Spine in a Rat Model

Laing

Cox

Tetzlaff

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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“…Transportation injuries were the leading injury cause of TSCIs in many developed countries, such as the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and some West European countries. [9][10][11][12][13] However, falling was the primary injury cause of TSCI in developing countries, such as Russia, Pakistan, Nepal and some portions of southern Asia. [14][15][16] Similar to other developing countries, the top three causes of TSCI in the hospitalized patients in Beijing (according to a sampling survey conducted in 2002) were falling from a height (37.5%), transportation accidents (26.9%) and being struck by an object (16.3%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the causes and types of traumatic spinal cord injury based on 561 cases in China from 2001 to 2010

et al. 2012

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Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury and Income and Employment Status

Jaffe,

Coyte,

Chan

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceSpinal cord injury (SCI) causes drastic changes to an individual’s physical health that may be associated with the ability to work.ObjectiveTo estimate the association of SCI with individual earnings and employment status using national administrative health databases linked to income tax data.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective, national, population-based cohort study of adults who were hospitalized with cervical SCI in Canada between January 2005 and December 2017. All acute care hospitalizations for SCI of adults ages 18 to 64 years were included. A comparison group was constructed by sampling from individuals in the injured cohort. Fiscal information from their preinjury years was used for comparison. The injured cohort was matched with the comparison group based on age, sex, marital status, province of residence, self-employment status, earnings, and employment status in the year prior to injury. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to January 2023.Main outcomes and MeasuresThe first outcome was the change in individual annual earnings up to 5 years after injury. The change in mean yearly earnings was assessed using a linear mixed-effects differences-in-differences regression. Income values are reported in 2022 Canadian dollars (CAD $1.00 = US $0.73). The second outcome was the change in employment status up to 5 years after injury. A multivariable probit regression model was used to compare proportions of individuals employed among those who had experienced SCI and the paired comparison group of participants.ResultsA total of 1630 patients with SCI (mean [SD] age, 47 [13] years; 1304 male [80.0%]) were matched to patients in a preinjury comparison group (resampled from the same 1630 patients in the SCI group). The mean (SD) of preinjury wage earnings was CAD $46 000 ($48 252). The annual decline in individual earnings was CAD $20 275 (95% CI, −$24 455 to −$16 095) in the first year after injury and CAD $20 348 (95% CI, −$24 710 to −$15 985) in the fifth year after injury. At 5 years after injury, 52% of individuals who had an injury were working compared with 79% individuals in the preinjury comparison group. SCI survivors had a decrease in employment of 17.1 percentage points (95% CI, 14.5 to 19.7 percentage points) in the first year after injury and 17.8 percentage points (14.5 to 21.1 percentage points) in the fifth year after injury.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, SCI was associated with a decline in earnings and employment up to 5 years after injury for adults aged 18 to 64 years in Canada.

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Epidemiology of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Canada

Abstract: A large proportion of injuries was seen among older adults, predominantly as a result of falls. Prevention programs should expand their focus to include home safety and avoidance of falls in the elderly.

Cited by 343 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Advanced Age on the Morphometry and Degenerative State of the Cervical Spine in a Rat Model

Effects of Advanced Age on the Morphometry and Degenerative State of the Cervical Spine in a Rat Model

Analysis of the causes and types of traumatic spinal cord injury based on 561 cases in China from 2001 to 2010

Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury and Income and Employment Status

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