Epidemiology of Upper Extremity Injuries in NCAA Men’s and Women’s Ice Hockey

Melvin, Patricia R; Souza, Spenser S.; Mead, Robert Nelson; Smith, Christopher M.; Mulcahey, Mary K.

doi:10.1177/0363546518781338

Cited by 22 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A peak for dislocations was observed in the twenties; whereas, the incidence was similar from the teens until 60 years of age for sprains. These observations support the findings of other studies describing a majority of young men in sports with ACJ injuries [23,24,27,28]. Men with acute Rockwood types III-VI do also have more associated articular lesions [33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Young men in sports are at highest risk of acromioclavicular joint injuries: a prospective cohort study

Skjaker

Enger

Engebretsen

et al. 2020

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc

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Purpose To study the incidence of acromioclavicular joint injuries in a general population. Methods All acute shoulder injuries admitted to an orthopaedic emergency department were registered prospectively, using electronic patient records and a patient-reported questionnaire. The regional area was the city of Oslo with 632,990 inhabitants. Patients with symptoms from the acromioclavicular joint without fracture were registered as a dislocation (type II-VI) if the radiologist described widening of the joint space or coracoclavicular distance on standard anteroposterior radiographs. Patients without such findings were diagnosed as sprains (type I).Results Acromioclavicular joint injuries constituted 11% of all shoulder injuries (287 of 2650). The incidence was 45 per 10 5 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 40-51). 196 (68%) were diagnosed as sprains and 91 (32%) as dislocations. Median age of all acromioclavicular joint injuries was 32 years (interquartile range 24-44), and 82% were men. Thirty percent of all acromioclavicular joint injuries were registered in men in their twenties. Sports injuries accounted for 53%, compared to 27% in other shoulder injuries [OR 3.1 (95% CI 2.4-4.0; p < 0.001)]. The most common sports associated with acromioclavicular joint injuries were football (24%), cycling (16%), martial arts (11%), alpine skiing and snowboarding (both 9%), and ice hockey (6%). Conclusion Our study suggests that in the general population, one in ten shoulder injuries involves the acromioclavicular joint and young men in sports are at highest risk. A prognostic level II cohort study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Young men in sports are at highest risk of acromioclavicular joint injuries: a prospective cohort study

Skjaker

Enger

Engebretsen

et al. 2020

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc

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“…34 Melvin et al found that shoulder dislocations and subluxations ranked among the most common causes of time lost (time loss !14 days) from sport among collegiate hockey players. 29 Okoroha et al found that 92.8% of athletes were able to RTP after a shoulder instability event in a study of the National Football League (NFL) between 2006 and 2014, independent of treatment modality. However, those who underwent operative treatment returned after 39.3 weeks, whereas conservatively managed athletes returned after 2.3 weeks (P < .001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Return to play and performance after shoulder instability in National Basketball Association athletes

Okoroha

Patel

et al. 2020

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

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Section: Acromioclavicular Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AC joint is the most commonly injured shoulder structure in ice hockey players, and AC joint sprains or dislocations are the common shoulder injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association ice hockey players. 25 The mechanism of injury is typically by direct contact of the shoulder with another player or an apparatus, such as the boards or glass surrounding the ice surface, which drives the acromion inferiorly, causing a sprain or tear in the AC and/or coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments. AC joint injuries are categorized according to the Rockwood classification ( Table 1 ), which helps guide management of these injuries.…”

Section: Acromioclavicular Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, given the evolution of the game and of its protective equipment, upper extremity injuries are now among the most common injuries sustained by ice hockey players, and injury rates have increased over the past several years. 25,29 In a study evaluating the incidence of injuries at the World Junior Ice Hockey Championships between 2006 and 2015, the shoulder was the most common location for an upper body injury, with acromioclavicular (AC) joint sprains accounting for 59% of those injuries. 37 The ice hockey community has historically been effective at driving reductions in injury rates by changing the rules governing equipment, rink construction, and gameplay, most notably in the areas of head, face, and cervical spine injuries.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Current Concepts Review of Clavicle Injuries in Ice Hockey From Sternoclavicular to Acromioclavicular Joint

Jang

Park

Levine

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Clavicle injuries are common in ice hockey, and a number of high-profile fractures and dislocations have occurred in elite hockey players in recent years. Acromioclavicular joint injuries, clavicle fractures, and sternoclavicular joint injuries are some of the most frequent hockey-related injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons, and familiarity with the management of these injuries and sport-specific considerations for treatment and recovery are critical. Injuries involving the clavicle can sometimes be life-threatening, and subtle findings on physical examination and radiographic studies can have profound implications for treatment. The recent literature pertinent to the diagnosis and treatment of clavicle-related injuries in ice hockey players was reviewed and compiled into a clinical commentary. For ice hockey players, the upper extremity was traditionally considered a relatively well-protected area. However, given the evolution of the game and its protective equipment, the upper extremity now accounts for the majority of youth ice hockey injuries, of which clavicle injuries comprise a significant proportion. Acromioclavicular joint injuries are the most common injury in this population, followed closely by clavicle fractures. Sternoclavicular joint injuries are rare but can be associated with serious complications. The treatment of these injuries often differs between athletes and the general population, and surgical indications continue to evolve in both groups. Although the evidence regarding clavicle injuries is ever-increasing and the treatment of these injuries remains controversial, clavicle injuries are increasingly common in ice hockey players. Rule and equipment changes, most notably the increased use of flexible boards and glass, have been shown to significantly decrease the risk of clavicle injuries. We also recommend compulsory use of shoulder pads, even at a recreational level, as well as continued enforcement and evolution of rules aimed at reducing the rate of clavicle injuries. Future research should focus on equipment design changes directed toward clavicle injury prevention, standardized return-to-play protocols, and studies weighing the risks and benefits of nonoperative management of controversial injuries, such as type III acromioclavicular joint dislocations and diaphyseal clavicle fractures.

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Epidemiology of Upper Extremity Injuries in NCAA Men’s and Women’s Ice Hockey

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Young men in sports are at highest risk of acromioclavicular joint injuries: a prospective cohort study

Young men in sports are at highest risk of acromioclavicular joint injuries: a prospective cohort study

Return to play and performance after shoulder instability in National Basketball Association athletes

A Current Concepts Review of Clavicle Injuries in Ice Hockey From Sternoclavicular to Acromioclavicular Joint

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