Epidemiology of viral and mycoplasmal agents associated with childhood lower respiratory illness in a civilian population

Maletzky, Avron J.; Cooney, Marion K.; Luce, Ralph; Kenny, George E.; Grayston, J. T.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(71)80219-6

Cited by 61 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…An association between respiratory viral infection and wheezy bronchitis in children has been reported by many other investigators (Gardner et al, 1960;Freeman and Todd, 1962;Reilly et al, 1962;Holzel et al, 1963;Berkovich et al, 1970;Glezen et al, 1971;Jacobs et al, 1971;Maletzky et al, 1971;McIntosh et al, 1973;Minor et al, 1974a;Minor et al, 1976;Mitchell et al, 1976). There are good grounds, which we have discussed elsewhere (Horn and Yealland, 1974;Horn et al, 1975), for believing that the isolation of a virus in an episode of acute respiratory illness generally indicates a causal association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Respiratory viral infection and wheezy bronchitis in childhood.

Horn¹,

Brain²,

Gregg³

et al. 1979

Thorax

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The role of respiratory viral infection in wheezy bronchitis was studied in 163 children, aged 0-12 years, in a London general practice. Virological investigations were also performed when these same children had acute upper respiratory illness without wheeze. A virus was isolated in 146 (26.4%/,) of 554 episodes of wheezy bronchitis, rhinoviruses accounting for almost half of the isolations. The relative frequency with which individual viruses were isolated in wheezy bronchitis was similar to that in acute upper respiratory illness in 180 other children who had never had wheezy bronchitis. The large number of isolations of rhinoviruses in wheezy bronchitis is probably due to their numerous serotypes and the absence of cross-immunity between them. Our findings have confirmed that infection by respiratory viruses can provoke wheezy bronchitis in certain children, in whom host factors are an important predeterminant. In children with a previous history of wheezy bronchitis infection by rhinoviruses was associated significantly more often with such an episode than with upper respiratory illness. The maturation of protective mechanisms, including the acquisition of specific immunity to a progressively larger number of viruses, could explain the fall in the age-incidence of wheezy bronchitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Respiratory viral infection and wheezy bronchitis in childhood.

Horn¹,

Brain²,

Gregg³

et al. 1979

Thorax

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“…2 As expected, the seasonal distribution showed a wintertime peak, but illness occurred yearround. 4,12,13 Although the majority of ADV infections resulted in respiratory illness, nearly 20% of the children had nonrespiratory diagnoses. Unique findings in this study include documentation of the serious nature of ADV infections in previously healthy children and the impact early diagnosis can have on patient management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoviral Infections in Children: The Impact of Rapid Diagnosis

et al. 2004

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ABSTRACT. Background. Adenovirus (ADV) infections were difficult to diagnose in the past, and many infections were unrecognized. Direct fluorescent assay (DFA) for the rapid diagnosis of ADV infection, as part of a viral respiratory panel, became available at Primary Children's Medical Center (Salt Lake City, UT) in December 2000.Objective. To describe children with ADV infection diagnosed by DFA and viral culture and document the impact of rapid ADV testing on patient care.Methods. DFA testing for respiratory viruses including ADV was performed on nasal wash specimens with parallel viral culture. Chart review was performed for all ADV-positive patients identified from microbiology records between December 2000 and May 2002.Results. Of 1901 patients positive for respiratory viruses, 143 (7.5%) were ADV-positive by DFA or culture. The mean age of ADV-positive children was 23 months; 90% were <60 months old. Eighty percent were previously healthy, and 56% required admission with a mean length of stay of 3.4 days. The most common diagnoses included fever (31%), bronchiolitis (24%), and pneumonia (14%). Other conditions included suspected Kawasaki disease (KD) and hepatitis. Forty-six percent of ADV-positive children were given antibiotics at presentation, but only 2 (1.4%) had documented bacterial infection (one had Escherichia coli urinary tract infection and one had Moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia). Thirty-six percent of children had a change in management based on positive ADV DFA. In children with suspected KD (n ‫؍‬ 5), 100% had positive ADV DFA, and immune globulin was withheld in 4. One immunocompetent patient with fulminant liver failure received cidofovir treatment after a positive ADV DFA and recovered before liver transplant.Conclusions. ADV is a common infection in young children and often results in admission and unnecessary antibiotic therapy. Identifying ADV as the cause of illness can favorably impact care and in some instances may be life-saving. DFA testing for ADV should be considered for infants and children requiring admission for fever, respiratory illness, suspected KD, and hepatitis. Pediatrics 2004;113:e51-e56. URL: http://www.pediatrics. org/cgi/content/full/113/1/e51; adenovirus, rapid diagnosis, Kawasaki disease.ABBREVIATIONS. ADV, adenovirus; PCMC, Primary Children's Medical Center; DFA, direct fluorescent assay; ED, emergency department; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; KD, Kawasaki disease; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; IVIG, intravenous immune globulin.A denovirus (ADV) is a well-known cause of respiratory illness in children. [1][2][3][4] It may produce upper or lower respiratory infection including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. 5 In addition, ADV infection is frequently associated with entities such as pharyngoconjunctival fever and epidemic conjunctivitis that are often diagnosed based on clinical examination alone. 6 Although most infections are self-limited, ADV can be associated with severe or lethal infection in both immunocompromised and healt...

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“…The role of viruses in the less severe but much more common episodes of acute respiratory illness treated at home by general practitioners has been studied in this country by the Medical Research Council (M.R.C. Report, 1965;Poole & Tobin, 1973), and in the U.S.A. by Glezen et al (1971) and Maletsky et al (1971). Some surveys have also been undertaken in nurseries and schools (Bell et al 1961;Pereira, Andrews & Gardner, 1967;Beem 1969;and Loda, Glezen & Clyde, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory viral infection in childhood. A survey in general practice, Roehampton 1967–1972

Horn

Brain

Gregg

et al. 1975

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe role of viruses and M. pneumoniae in episodes of acute respiratory illness in childhood has been studied in a London general practice. The total isolation rate was 31P7 %, but the rate varied from 32-6 % in upper respiratory infections to 640% in pneumonia. The clinical features associated with infection were influenced not only by the type of agent but also by age and other host factors in the infected children. Rhinoviruses were more commonly isolated than any other agent and were frequently associated with wheezy bronchitis.

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Epidemiology of viral and mycoplasmal agents associated with childhood lower respiratory illness in a civilian population

Cited by 61 publications

References 12 publications

Respiratory viral infection and wheezy bronchitis in childhood.

Respiratory viral infection and wheezy bronchitis in childhood.

Adenoviral Infections in Children: The Impact of Rapid Diagnosis

Respiratory viral infection in childhood. A survey in general practice, Roehampton 1967–1972

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