Epidemiology of Viral Pneumonia

Jain, Seema

doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2016.11.012

Cited by 75 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The 7 non‐influenza respiratory viruses used in this study were selected based on historical data demonstrating their potential involvement in respiratory infections, as well as their potential for future vaccine development . Of the 7 viruses, significant progress has been made toward RSV vaccine development; however, despite several potential candidates, some of which advanced to clinical trials, no vaccine so far is both safe and effective .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance beyond influenza: The process and data from 1 year of implementation in Vietnam

Alroy

Thuy²,

Tran

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundIn 2016, as a component of the Global Health Security Agenda, the Vietnam Ministry of Health expanded its existing influenza sentinel surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) to include testing for 7 additional viral respiratory pathogens. This article describes the steps taken to implement expanded SARI surveillance in Vietnam and reports data from 1 year of expanded surveillance.MethodsThe process of expanding the suite of pathogens for routine testing by real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) included laboratory trainings, procurement/distribution of reagents, and strengthening and aligning SARI surveillance epidemiology practices at sentinel sites and regional institutes (RI).ResultsSurveillance data showed that of 4003 specimens tested by the RI laboratories, 20.2% (n = 810) were positive for influenza virus. Of the 3193 influenza‐negative specimens, 41.8% (n = 1337) were positive for at least 1 non‐influenza respiratory virus, of which 16.2% (n = 518), 13.4% (n = 428), and 9.6% (n = 308) tested positive for respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus, respectively.ConclusionsThe Government of Vietnam has demonstrated that expanding respiratory viral surveillance by strengthening and building upon an influenza platform is feasible, efficient, and practical.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance beyond influenza: The process and data from 1 year of implementation in Vietnam

Alroy

Thuy²,

Tran

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…These illnesses affect all age groups annually and cause a high burden on health care systems and global economics due to absenteeism from daycares, school, and work. Over 200 virus types have been identified as causative agents for respiratory illnesses [ 1 , 2 ]. In most cases, especially illnesses of the upper respiratory tract are mild to moderate and often self-limiting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Probiotics in Stimulating the Immune System in Viral Respiratory Tract Infections: A Narrative Review

2020

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Viral respiratory tract infection (RTI) is the most frequent cause of infectious illnesses including the common cold. Pharmacological solutions for treating or preventing viral RTIs are so far limited and thus several self-care products are available in the market. Some dietary supplements such as probiotics have been shown to modulate immune system function and their role in reducing the risk and the course of RTIs has been investigated extensively within the past decade. However, the mechanism of action and the efficacy of probiotics against viral RTIs remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge for pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the effect of probiotics on respiratory virus infections, immune response, and the course of upper and lower respiratory tract illness. The literature summarized in this narrative review points out that specific probiotic strains seem effective in pre-clinical models, through stimulating the immune system and inhibiting viral replication. Clinical studies indicate variable efficacy on upper respiratory illnesses and lack proof of diagnosed viral infections. However, meta-analyses of clinical studies indicate that probiotics could be beneficial in upper respiratory illnesses without specific etiology. Further studies aiming at discovering the mechanisms of action of probiotics and clinical efficacy are warranted.

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“…In this context, CAP is caused by a variety of pathogenic infectious agents including viruses and bacteria, of which viruses are the most predominant in children . Among viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), adenovirus (ADV), influenza A virus (FluA), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human coronavirus (HCoV) are the most common in children with CAP; however, their frequencies vary widely…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High incidence of rhinovirus infection in children with community‐acquired pneumonia from a city in the Brazilian pre‐Amazon region

Ferreira

Costa

Cariolano

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of child death worldwide. Viruses are the most common pathogens associated with CAP in children, but their incidence varies greatly. This study investigated the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV‐OC43 and HCoV‐NL63), and influenza A virus (FluA) in children with CAP and the contributing risk factors. Here, children with acute respiratory infections were screened by pediatrics; and a total of 150 radiographically‐confirmed CAP patients (aged 3 months to 10 years) from two clinical centers in Sao Luis, Brazil were recruited. Patient's clinical and epidemiological data were recorded. Nasopharyngeal swab and tracheal aspirate samples were collected to extract viral nucleic acid. RSV, adenovirus, rhinovirus, FluA, HMPV, HCoV‐OC43, and HCoV‐NL63 were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The severe CAP was associated with ages between 3 and 12 months. Viruses were detected in 43% of CAP patients. Rhinovirus infections were the most frequently identified (68%). RSV, adenovirus, FluA, and coinfections were identified in 14%, 14%, 5%, and 15% of children with viral infection, respectively. Rhinovirus was associated with nonsevere CAP (P = .014); RSV, FluA, and coinfections were associated with severe CAP (P < .05). New strategies for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory infections, mainly rhinovirus and RSV infections, are necessary.

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Epidemiology of Viral Pneumonia

Cited by 75 publications

References 53 publications

Expanding severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance beyond influenza: The process and data from 1 year of implementation in Vietnam

Expanding severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance beyond influenza: The process and data from 1 year of implementation in Vietnam

Role of Probiotics in Stimulating the Immune System in Viral Respiratory Tract Infections: A Narrative Review

High incidence of rhinovirus infection in children with community‐acquired pneumonia from a city in the Brazilian pre‐Amazon region

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