Epidemiology, risk, myths, pharmacotherapeutic management and socio economic burden due to novel COVID-19: A recent update

Ahmad, Sarfaraz; Shoaib, Ambreen; Ali, Sajid; Alam, Md. Sarfaraz; Alam, Nawazish; Ali, Mohammed Ashraf; Mujtaba, Ali; Ahmad, A.L.; Ansari, Md. Salahuddin; Ali, Mohammad Daud

doi:10.5958/0974-360x.2020.00784.2

Cited by 36 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…There are several socio-economic and demographic factors why this pandemic affects various social groups. According to socio-economic and demographic characteristics, it appears that COVID-19 is having varying effects on different populations ( Ahmad et al, 2020 ; Bashir et al, 2020 ). These include population density, urban and rural environments, education level, lifestyle, and household size.…”

Section: Influencing Factors On Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of climatic and non-climatic factors on COVID-19 outbreak: A review of existing literature

Alam

Sultana

2021

Environmental Challenges

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a significant global public health issue resulting from SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). COVID-19 outbreak approaches an unprecedented challenge for human health, the economy, and societies. The transmission of the COVID-19 is influenced by many factors, including climatic, environmental, socio-economic, and demographic. This study aimed to investigate the influences of climatic and sociodemographic determinants on COVID-19 transmission. The climatic variables considered herein were air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, air pollution, and cumulative precipitation. Sociodemographic variables included population density, socio-economic conditions, misinformation, and personal hygiene practices towards the pandemic. Review results indicated that lower temperatures and greater incidence of COVID-19 are reported in a more significant number of studies. Another factor linked to COVID-19 occurrence was the humidity. However, the results were varied; some research reported positive, and others reported negative relationships. In addition, poor air quality, along with strong winds, makes the virus more vulnerable to spreading, leading to a spike in COVID-19 cases. PM2.5, O3, and NO2 also showed a strong correlation with the recent epidemic. The findings on rainfall were inconsistent between studies. Among the non-climatic factors, population density, education, and income were credited as potential determinants for the coronavirus outbreak. Climatic and sociodemographic factors showed a significant correlation on the COVID-19 outbreak. Thus, our review emphasizes the critical importance of considering climatic and non-climatic factors while developing intervention measures. This study's core findings will support the decision-makers in identifying climatic and socio-economic elements that influence the risks of future pandemics.

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Section: Influencing Factors On Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of climatic and non-climatic factors on COVID-19 outbreak: A review of existing literature

Alam

Sultana

2021

Environmental Challenges

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“…The emergence of COVID-19 upon the infection of SARS-CoV-2 has been posing a mounting threat to the world since 2019. In COVID-19, the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory system causes fever, shaking chills, headache, and fatigue followed by respiratory symptoms such as cough, sneeze, sore throat, chest pain, and atypical pneumonia [ 1 , 2 ]. The clinical features of COVID-19, however, are not limited to the consequences of respiratory infection [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roborovski hamster (Phodopus roborovskii) strain SH101 as a systemic infection model of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a worldwide threat with its unusually high transmission rates and rapid evolution into diverse strains. Unlike typical respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 frequently causes systemic infection by breaking the boundaries of the respiratory systems. The development of animal models recapitulating the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is of utmost importance not only for the development of vaccines and antivirals but also for understanding the pathogenesis. However, there has not been developed an animal model for systemic infection of SARS-CoV-2 representing most aspects of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 with systemic symptoms. Here we report that a Roborovski hamster strain SH101, a laboratory inbred hamster strain of P. roborovskii , displayed most symptoms of systemic infection upon SARS-CoV-2 infection as in the case of the human counterpart, unlike current COVID-19 animal models. Roborovski hamster strain SH101 post-infection of SARS-CoV-2 represented most clinical symptoms of COVID-19 such as snuffling, labored breathing, dyspnea, cough, hunched posture, progressive weight loss, ruffled fur, and high fever following shaking chills. Histological examinations also revealed initial right-predominated pneumonia as well as slight organ damages in the brain and liver, manifesting systemic COVID-19 cases. Considering the merit of a small animal as well as its clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human, this hamster model seems to provide an ideal tool to investigate COVID-19.

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“…The emergence of COVID-19 upon the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 poses a mounting threat to the world. In COVID-19, the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory system causes fever, shaking chills, headache, and fatigue followed by respiratory symptoms such as cough, sneeze, sore throat, chest pain, atypical pneumonia, etc [1,2]. The clinical features of COVID-19, however, are not limited to the consequences of a respiratory infection [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phodopus roborovskii SH101 as a systemic infection model of SARS-CoV-2

Zhai

Wang

Chung

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a worldwide threat with its unusually high transmission rates and rapid evolution into diverse strains. Unlike typical respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 frequently causes systemic infection by breaking the boundaries of the respiratory systems. The development of animal models recapitulating the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is of utmost importance not only for the development of vaccines and antivirals but also for understanding the pathogenesis. However, there has not been developed an animal model for systemic infection of SARS-CoV-2 representing most aspects of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 with systemic symptoms. Here we report that a hamster strain of Phodopus roborovskii SH101, a laboratory inbred hamster strain of P. roborovskii, displayed most symptoms of systemic infection upon SARS-CoV-2 infection as in the case of the human counterpart, unlike current COVID-19 animal models. P. roborovskii SH101 post-infection of SARS-CoV-2 represented most clinical symptoms of COVID-19 such as snuffling, dyspnea, cough, labored breathing, hunched posture, progressive weight loss, and ruffled fur, in addition to high fever following shaking chills. Histological examinations also revealed a serious right-predominated pneumonia as well as slight organ damages in the brain and liver, manifesting systemic COVID-19 cases. Considering the merit of a small animal as well as its clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human, this hamster model seems to provide an ideal tool to investigate COVID-19.

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Epidemiology, risk, myths, pharmacotherapeutic management and socio economic burden due to novel COVID-19: A recent update

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Influences of climatic and non-climatic factors on COVID-19 outbreak: A review of existing literature

Influences of climatic and non-climatic factors on COVID-19 outbreak: A review of existing literature

Roborovski hamster (Phodopus roborovskii) strain SH101 as a systemic infection model of SARS-CoV-2

Phodopus roborovskii SH101 as a systemic infection model of SARS-CoV-2

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