Epidemiology, Virology, and Clinical Features of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19)

Abstract

A cluster of severe pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract sample as the causative agent. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 rapidly spread into at least 114 countries and killed more than 4,000 people by March 11, 2020. WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There have been 2 novel coronavirus outbreaks in the past 2 decades. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 caused by SARS-CoV had a case fatality rate of around 10% (8,098 confirmed cases and 774 deaths), while Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERS-CoV killed 858 people out of a total 2,499 confirmed cases between 2012 and 2019. The purpose of this review is to summarize known-to-date information about SARS-CoV-2, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and clinical features of COVID-19.

Covid 19 pandemic: Paranasal diagnostic imaging in patients with olfactory loss

“…The disease started in Wuhan, China at the end of December 2019, and spread to all continents in a short time and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. As of May 2020, nearly 4 million cases and nearly 300,000 deaths have been reported [18][19][20].…”

A nomogramic model based on clinical and laboratory parameters at admission for predicting the survival of COVID-19 patients

“…In the early stage of infection, patients present with in ammation, edema, protein exudation, focal hyperplasia of alveolar epithelial cells and patchy in ammatory in ltration, as well as multi-nucleated giant cells in the lung. In the late stage, in addition to hemorrhage and some areas of interstitial brosis, diffuse alveolar damage was also observed [29]. Furthermore, brous clots and gelatinous mucus in the small airway and diffuse intravascular coagulation were observed [30].…”

The iatrogenic elevation of neutrophils possibly aggravates lung injury after COVID-19 infection: A case report

“…Most of patients had mild symptom, but part of them can develop to severe or critical symptom. The risk of death signi cantly increased with the progress of heart failure, acute kidney injury and ARDS [2,5,6]. However, the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was still unclear.…”