Epidermal growth factor is digested to smaller, less active forms in acidic gastric juice

Marchbank, Tania; Calnan, Denis P.; Calam, J.; Royston, Patrick; Batten, J.; Hansen, Holger C.

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(95)90012-8

Cited by 111 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In acidic gastric juice, it is cleaved mainly to EGF 1-49 , reducing its activity by 75 percent. 20 Once EGF enters the small intestine, it is rapidly digested by pancreatic proteases within the lumen but may be partially protected against digestion by the presence of food. 21 Under physiologic conditions, it is therefore likely that very little luminal EGF derived from the upper intestine reaches the colon, and any orally administered EGF is unlikely to reach the distal bowel unless it is protected from digestion.…”

Section: Subsequent Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Administration of EGF as an enema has the advantage of delivering the peptide to the injured area in a readily available, intact, active form. To ensure that adequate active EGF reached the inflamed mucosa, we administered an enema containing 100 times the concentration of EGF found in gastric juice (500 ng per liter), 20,22 an amount sufficient to stimulate the proliferation of intestinal cells in vitro. 10,19,20 EGF probably acts through several mechanisms.…”

Section: Subsequent Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure that adequate active EGF reached the inflamed mucosa, we administered an enema containing 100 times the concentration of EGF found in gastric juice (500 ng per liter), 20,22 an amount sufficient to stimulate the proliferation of intestinal cells in vitro. 10,19,20 EGF probably acts through several mechanisms. It is a potent stimulant of cell migration (restitution) and cell proliferation, 10,20 both of which are important in reestablishing epithelial continuity.…”

Section: Subsequent Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a potent stimulant of cell migration (restitution) and cell proliferation, 10,20 both of which are important in reestablishing epithelial continuity. 5 EGF also reduces injury and stimulates repair in animal models of gastric, small intestinal, and colonic injury, 9,20,[23][24][25] although the exact mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. In our patients, it is likely that EGF facilitated the reformation of the epithelial barrier, and this in turn reduced the secondary inflammatory response to luminal antigens.…”

Section: Subsequent Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidermal Growth Factor Enemas with Oral Mesalamine for Mild-to-Moderate Left-Sided Ulcerative Colitis or Proctitis

et al. 2003

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Epidermal growth factor enemas with oral mesalamine for mild-tomoderate left-sided ulcerative colitis or proctitis Sinha, A; Nightingale, JMD; West, KP; Berlanga-Acosta, J; Playford, RJ For additional information about this publication click this link.https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/224 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact scholarlycommunications@qmul.ac.uk original articleThe new england journal of medicine n engl j med 349;4 www.nejm.org

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Section: Subsequent Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subsequent Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subsequent Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subsequent Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Epidermal Growth Factor Enemas with Oral Mesalamine for Mild-to-Moderate Left-Sided Ulcerative Colitis or Proctitis

et al. 2003

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“…Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a 1207-amino-acid precursor that is found in the gastric juices (500 ng per liter) [59] . As it can stimulate healing [60] , it has warranted investigation with preliminary human studies suggesting that the topical use of EGF can enhance skin wound healing [61] while systemic EGF can be beneficial in the management of necrotizing enterocolitis [62] .…”

Section: Epidermal Growth Factor Enemasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel topical therapies for distal colitis

Lawrance¹

2010

WJGPT

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Distal colitis (DC) can be effectively treated with topical 5ASA agents. Suppositories target the rectum while enemas can reliably reach the splenic flexure. Used in combination with oral 5ASAs, the control of the inflamm ation is even more effective. Unfortunately, resistant DC does occur and can be extremely challenging to manage. In these patients, the use of steroids, immu nosuppressants and the antitumor necrosis factor α agents are often required. These, however, can be associated with systemic side effects and are not always effective. The investigation of new topical therapeutic agents is thus required as they are rarely associated with significant blood drug levels and side effects are infrequent. Some of the agents that have been proposed for use in resistant distal colitis include butyrate, cycl osporine and nicotine enemas as well as tacrolimus suppositories and tacrolimus, ecabet sodium, arsenic, lidocaine, rebamipide and Ridogrel ® enemas. Some of these agents have demonstrated impressive results but the majority of the agents have only been assessed in small openlabelled patient cohorts. Further work is thus required with the investigation of promising agents in the context of randomized doubleblinded placebo controlled trials. This review aims to highlight those potentially ef fective therapies in the management of resistant distal colitis and to promote interest in furthering their investi gation.

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Protease inhibitors and carcinoma of the esophagus

Sammon

1998

Cancer

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BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is endemic in parts of South Africa. Previous case‐control studies have shown many associations but no clear etiologic pathway has been established. METHODS A case‐control study of dietary and social factors was performed for 130 patient/control pairs matched for age, gender, and educational level. Staple diet, consumption of wild vegetables, use of tobacco, and traditional beer consumption were compared between the two groups. RESULTS New significant associations were found with the consumption of beans (P = 0.016) and consumption of the full traditional diet of maize, pumpkin, and beans (P = 0.027). Known associations with the consumption of Solanum nigrum (P = 0.018) and with smoking (P = 0.002) were confirmed by multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Solanum nigrum, beans, and pumpkin all contain protease inhibitors. Suppression of protease inhibitors can lead to overexpression of growth factors in the esophagus, resulting in a proliferative and oncogenic drive. Cancer 1998;83:405‐408. © 1998 American Cancer Society.

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Epidermal growth factor is digested to smaller, less active forms in acidic gastric juice

Cited by 111 publications

References 31 publications

Epidermal Growth Factor Enemas with Oral Mesalamine for Mild-to-Moderate Left-Sided Ulcerative Colitis or Proctitis

Epidermal Growth Factor Enemas with Oral Mesalamine for Mild-to-Moderate Left-Sided Ulcerative Colitis or Proctitis

Novel topical therapies for distal colitis

Protease inhibitors and carcinoma of the esophagus

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