Epífitas da floresta seca da Reserva Ecológica Estadual de Jacarepiá, sudeste do Brasil: relações com a comunidade arbórea

Abstract

5Autor para correspondência: talita_fontoura@uol.com.br RESUMO (Epífitas da floresta seca da Reserva Ecológica Estadual de Jacarepiá, sudeste do Brasil: relações com a comunidade arbórea) Investigamos a vegetação arbórea e a comunidade epífita da floresta seca para responder às seguintes perguntas: i) como a abundância e riqueza de epífitas ocorrem sobre os indivíduos das espécies arbóreas? ii) a abundância de forófitos depende do número de indivíduos das espécies arbóreas? iii) a abundância e riqueza de epífitas dependem do número e tamanho dos forófitos? iv) espécies arbóreas são selecionadas por espécies epifíticas? Nesta floresta, as espécies arbóreas mais abundantes é que hospedam a maioria das epífitas. Quatorze espécies arbóreas foram especialmente propensas a apresentar muitos grupos epifíticos e nove propícias a possuir várias espécies de epífitas mas não em alta abundância. O número de indivíduos arbóreos foi um bom parâmetro para estimar a abundância de forófitos e seu número foi considerado um bom parâmetro para estimar a riqueza de epífitas a ocorrerem nesta floresta seca. Quatro espécies arbóreas foram especialmente preferidas pelas duas espécies epífitas de maior abundância e freqüência na área, onde ocorreram com alta abundância. Entretanto, não houve seletividade de nenhuma espécie arbórea por epífitas raras que ocorreram na área. Palavras-chave : mata atlântica, restinga, comensalismo, redes de interação. ABSTRACT(Epiphytes from the dry forest of the Jacarepiá State Ecological Reserve, southeastern Brazil: interactions with the arboreal community) We investigated the arboreal vegetation and epiphytic community of a 'restinga' dry forest to answer the following questions: i) how does epiphyte abundance and richness occur on arboreal species? ii) does phorophyte abundance depend on the abundance of tree species? iii) does epiphyte abundance and richness depend on the size and abundance of phorophytes? iv) are arboreal species selected by epiphyte species? The most abundant arboreal species host most of the epiphytes. Fourteen arboreal species were especially prone to host ing many epiphyte groups and nine arboreal species were especially prone to hosting only high epiphyte richness. The abundance of arboreal species was a good surrogate to predict the number of phorophytes, and the number of phorophytes was a good surrogate to predict epiphyte abundance and epiphyte richness. Four arboreal species were especially preferred by the most abundant epiphyte species. Nevertheless, no rare epiphyte species had high abundance on any tree species.

Composition, diversity and structure of vascular epiphytes in two contrasting Central Amazonian floodplain ecosystems

“…Consequently, we opted to divide epiphytes into ecological life-forms, and classified epiphytes, and classified epiphytes, through literature and also in field observations, as: 1) holo-epiphytes; species that sprout and grow on other plants and never have permanent contact with the soil, and hemi-epiphytes; species that sprout and grow on other plants but subsequently maintain contact with the soil by means of secondary Composition, diversity and structure of vascular epiphytes in two contrasting Central Amazonian floodplain ecosystems roots. In this study we followed Fontoura et al (2009) and considered species with only two individuals or less per hectare (low abundance) or that only occupies up to two trees (low distribution) rare, and considered species with five or more individuals or groups on trees abundant.…”

Vascular epiphytes in the Grumari restinga, RJ: floristic and similarities between restingas in Eastern Brazil

“…The epiphyte richness in Grumari restinga can be considered to be average, but it is greater than the epiphytic richness of other inventories carried out in the coastal plains of the southeastern and southern regions of Brazil, as recorded by Fontoura et al (2009) in Rio de Janeiro (Saquarema), and by Assis et al (2004) for Setiba restingas in Espírito Santo state (24 spp.). However, the richness was lower than that of restingas of São Paulo (Mania & Monteiro 2010 -64 spp.…”

“…The Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest is recognized as one of the five most important world hotspots (Myers et al 2000), where vascular epiphytes represent approximately 15% (2.256 species) of the known vascular plants (Freitas et al 2015) from this domain, with greater richness and endemism located in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo (Menini . In Brazil, most studies concentrate on the southern and southeastern regions, especially in ecosystems associated with the Atlantic rainforest domain, such as the dense ombrophilous forest (Blum et al 2011;Freitas & Assis 2013;Hoeltgebaum et al 2013;Wängler et al 2015), mixed ombrophilous forest (Kersten & Kuniyoshi 2009;Alves & Menini Neto 2014), deciduous and seasonal semideciduous forest (Rogalski & Zanin 2003;Dettke et al 2008;Basílio et al 2015;Dislich & Mantovani 2016;Couto et al 2016b), restinga forests (Kersten & Silva 2006;Fontoura et al 2009;Mania & Monteiro 2010;Staudt et al 2012) and granite and gneiss inselbergs (Couto et al 2016a).…”

Community ecology of epiphytic Bromeliaceae in a remnant of Atlantic Forest in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

“…There are also studies about vascular epiphytes or exclusively about Bromeliaceae epiphytes in other Brazilian States. This includes the results of Fontoura et al (2009) that recorded 11 species (occurring in 110 sampled phorophytes) and that of Mania & Monteiro (2010) with 16 species in a coastal forest; both studies were performed in a 0.5 ha area. In fragments of mixed ombrophilous forest in the Brazilian southern region, studies recorded 11 species in 50 ha (Dittrich et al 1999), 10 species in 475 ha (Gaiotto & Acra 2005), and six species in an undefined size area (Buzatto et al 2008).…”