Epigallocatechin gallate decreases plasma triglyceride, blood pressure, and serum kisspeptin in obese human subjects

Abstract

Obesity is one of major risk factors increasing chronic diseases including type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. The effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major active compound in green tea, on reduced obesity and improved metabolic profiles are still controversial. Furthermore, the effects of EGCG on human adipocyte lipolysis and browning of white adipocytes have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EGCG on obesity, lipolysis, and browning of human white adipocytes. The results showed that, when compared to the baseline values, EGCG significantly decreased fasting plasma triglyceride levels ( P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure ( P < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure ( P < 0.05), and serum kisspeptin levels ( P < 0.05) after 8 weeks of supplement. On the other hand, supplement of EGCG in obese human subjects for 4 or 8 weeks did not decrease body weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, nor total body fat mass or percentage when compared to their baseline values. The study in human adipocytes showed that EGCG did not increase the glycerol release when compared to vehicle, suggesting that it had no lipolytic effect. Furthermore, treatment of EGCG did not enhance uncoupling protein 1 ( UCP1) mRNA expression in human white adipocytes when compared with treatment of pioglitazone, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, suggesting that EGCG did not augment the browning effect of PPAR-γ on white adipocytes. This study revealed that EGCG reduced 2 metabolic risk factors which are triglyceride and blood pressure in the human experiment. We also showed a novel evidence that EGCG decreased kisspeptin levels. However, EGCG had no effects on obesity reduction in humans, lipolysis, nor browning of human white adipocytes. Impact statement Obesity has become the worldwide problem that causes adverse health consequences in individuals. The effects of EGCG on decreased obesity and improved metabolic profiles are still inconclusive. This study revealed that EGCG decreased 2 metabolic risk factors including blood pressure and triglyceride in human obese subjects but had no effect on obesity reduction. This study also showed a novel finding that EGCG decreased kisspeptin levels in human obese subjects. The study in human adipocytes showed that EGCG had no effects on lipolysis nor browning of human white adipocytes. These findings might suggest that EGCG treatment ameliorated metabolic parameters but did not reduce obesity in obese humans. However, further studies are required to explore the relationship between the effect of EGCG on reduction of blood pressure and kisspeptin levels.

Catechins as a Potential Dietary Supplementation in Prevention of Comorbidities Linked with Down Syndrome

“…However, green tea extract given in the diet to male Goto-Kakizaki rats, a model of non-insulin dependent diabetes, has no effect on food intake, body weight or plasma insulin, indicating that the purity and the type of catechin seem important as well as the method of administration to improve diabetes [ 125 ]. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study with obese patients without diabetes, EGCG was given twice a day for 8 weeks and has shown to lower plasma triglycerides without any changes in body weight, waist circumference or total body fat mass, and in vitro experiments on preadipocytes cell line exhibit no effect on lipolytic metabolism or browning [ 126 ] while EGCG given orally to HFD mice for 4 weeks induces an increase in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis [ 127 ].…”

Extracts Rich in Nutrients as Novel Food Ingredients to Be Used in Food Supplements: A Proposal Classification

“…A systematic review carried out by Momose et al (2016) resulted in 17 human trials showing a potential capacity of Epigallocatechin gallate extract in decreasing LDL levels after 4–14 weeks of supplementation [ 48 ]. Recently, Chatree et al (2020) performed an in vitro study with human adipocytes and revealed that the administration of Epigallocatechin gallate extract reduced triglycerides concentrations as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure after 8 weeks of supplementation [ 49 ].…”

Cissus Quadrangularis enhances UCP1 mRNA, indicative of white adipocyte browning and decreases central obesity in humans in a randomized trial

“…The sequences of the primers were designed by the authors and blasted to check primer specificity by using nucleotide sequences published in PubMed database. All primer sequences were published in our previous study 55 as follows:…”