Epigenetic Basis of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Shift in Focus from Genetic Prerogative

Narne, Parimala

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8946-7_18

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…In diabetes and coronary atherosclerosis, there are epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone PTMs that modify the chromatin accessibility to transcriptional regulatory proteins. These epigenetic changes alter transcriptional programs to initiate atherogenic and inflammatory phenotypes [ 177 ].…”

Section: Oxidative Reductive and Nitrosative Stress Effects On Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative, Reductive, and Nitrosative Stress Effects on Epigenetics and on Posttranslational Modification of Enzymes in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Pérez-Torres

Soto

Castrejón-Téllez

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Oxidative (OS), reductive (RS), and nitrosative (NSS) stresses produce carbonylation, glycation, glutathionylation, sulfhydration, nitration, and nitrosylation reactions. OS, RS, and NSS are interrelated since RS results from an overactivation of antioxidant systems and NSS is the result of the overactivation of the oxidation of nitric oxide (NO). Here, we discuss the general characteristics of the three types of stress and the way by which the reactions they induce (a) damage the DNA structure causing strand breaks or inducing the formation of 8-oxo-d guanosine; (b) modify histones; (c) modify the activities of the enzymes that determine the establishment of epigenetic cues such as DNA methyl transferases, histone methyl transferases, acetyltransferases, and deacetylases; (d) alter DNA reparation enzymes by posttranslational mechanisms; and (e) regulate the activities of intracellular enzymes participating in metabolic reactions and in signaling pathways through posttranslational modifications. Furthermore, the three types of stress may establish new epigenetic marks through these reactions. The development of cardiometabolic disorders in adult life may be programed since early stages of development by epigenetic cues which may be established or modified by OS, RS, and NSS. Therefore, the three types of stress participate importantly in mediating the impact of the early life environment on later health and heritability. Here, we discuss their impact on cardiometabolic diseases. The epigenetic modifications induced by these stresses depend on union and release of chemical residues on a DNA sequence and/or on amino acid residues in proteins, and therefore, they are reversible and potentially treatable.

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Section: Oxidative Reductive and Nitrosative Stress Effects On Ementioning

confidence: 99%