Epigenetic Effects of Drugs of Abuse

Heinbockel, Thomas; Csóka, Antonei B.

doi:10.3390/ijerph15102098

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is not known if the adverse effects that chronic marijuana exposure had upon human islets is reversable. It is possible that drug abuse induces epigenetic changes [ 61 ] which may not revert with abstinence. As well, it will be important to determine if acute marijuana exposure alters human islet function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic marijuana usage by human pancreas donors is associated with impaired islet function

Kaddis²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated the effect of chronic marijuana use, defined as 4 times weekly for more than 3 years, on human pancreatic islets. Pancreata from deceased donors who chronically used marijuana were compared to those from age, sex and ethnicity matched non-users. The islets from marijuana-users displayed reduced insulin secretion as compared to islets from non-users upon stimulation with high glucose (AUC, 3.41 ± 0.62 versus 5.14 ±0.47, p<0.05) and high glucose plus KCl (AUC, 4.48 ± 0.41 versus 7.69 ± 0.58, p<0.001). When human islets from chronic marijuana-users were transplanted into diabetic mice, the mean reversal rate of diabetes was 35% versus 77% in animals receiving islets from non-users (p<0.01). Immunofluorescent staining for cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) was shown to be colocalized with insulin and enhanced significantly in beta cells from marijuana-users vs. non-users (CB1R intensity/islet area, 14.95 ± 2.71 vs. 3.23 ± 0.87, p<0.001). In contrast, CB1R expression was not co-localized with glucagon or somatostatin. Furthermore, isolated islets from chronic marijuana-users appeared hypertrophic. In conclusion, excessive marijuana use affects islet endocrine phenotype and function in vitro and in vivo. Given the increasing use of marijuana, our results underline the importance of including lifestyle when evaluating human islets for transplantation or research.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic marijuana usage by human pancreas donors is associated with impaired islet function

Kaddis²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Epigenetics is a study on the heritable changes in gene expression which takes place without an alteration in DNA sequence but with modulations of chromatin-associated molecules caused by environmental factors. These environmental factors include dietary nutrition, lifestyle, exercise/physical activity, drugs/toxins and other miscellaneous contributory factors ( Abdul et al, 2017 ; Heinbockel and Csoka, 2018 ; Martin and Fry, 2018 ). In general, epigenetic study may include DNA methylation, histone acetylation/deacetylation and circular RNA (cRNA) regulation ( Berlingberg and Kuhn, 2020 ).…”

Section: Aberrant Epigenetic Regulation In Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Genetics, Environmental Factors, and Gut Dysbiosis in the Aberrant Non-Coding RNA Expression to Mediate Inflammation and Osteoclastogenic/Osteogenic Differentiation in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Liao

Tsai

Lai

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or radiographic axial spondyloarthritis is a chronic immune-mediated rheumatic disorder characterized by the inflammation in the axial skeleton, peripheral joints, and soft tissues (enthesis, fascia, and ligament). In addition, the extra-skeletal complications including anterior uveitis, interstitial lung diseases and aortitis are found. The pathogenesis of AS implicates an intricate interaction among HLA (HLA-B27) and non-HLA loci [endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), and interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R), gut dysbiosis, immune plasticity, and numerous environmental factors (infections, heavy metals, stress, cigarette smoking, etc.) The latter multiple non-genetic factors may exert a powerful stress on epigenetic regulations. These epigenetic regulations of gene expression contain DNA methylation/demethylation, histone modifications and aberrant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) expression, leading to inflammation and immune dysfunctions. In the present review, we shall discuss these contributory factors that are involved in AS pathogenesis, especially the aberrant ncRNA expression and its effects on the proinflammatory cytokine productions (TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-23), T cell skewing to Th1/Th17, and osteoclastogenic/osteogenic differentiation. Finally, some potential investigatory approaches are raised for solving the puzzles in AS pathogenesis.

show abstract

“…In the second stage, different clinical processes occur, which are related to more complex and long-lasting mechanisms implicating alterations in other signal neurotransmitters [ 113 ] (e.g., outcomes on glutamate receptors after exposure to methamphetamine; Table 2 [ 114 ]). Recent studies suggest that different drugs of abuse induce epigenetic changes [ 115 , 116 , 117 ] in gene expression and post-transcriptional regulation (see Table 2 [ 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 ]). Indeed, the role of microRNAs in drug addiction and neuroplasticity [ 115 , 116 , 117 ] due to their ability to regulate gene expression has been widely demonstrated [ 122 , 123 ].…”

Section: Addiction and Epigenetic Mechanisms Related To Drugs Of Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Studies for Evaluation of NPS Toxicity: Focus on Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the recent decade, numerous new psychoactive substances (NPSs) have been added to the illicit drug market. These are synthetized to mimic the effects of classic drugs of abuse (i.e., cannabis, cocaine, etc.), with the purpose of bypassing substance legislations and increasing the pharmacotoxicological effects. To date, research into the acute pharmacological effects of new NPSs is ongoing and necessary in order to provide an appropriate contribution to public health. In fact, multiple examples of NPS-related acute intoxication and mortality have been recorded in the literature. Accordingly, several in vitro and in vivo studies have investigated the pharmacotoxicological profiles of these compounds, revealing that they can cause adverse effects involving various organ systems (i.e., cardiovascular, respiratory effects) and highlighting their potential increased consumption risks. In this sense, NPSs should be regarded as a complex issue that requires continuous monitoring. Moreover, knowledge of long-term NPS effects is lacking. Because genetic and environmental variables may impact NPS responses, epigenetics may aid in understanding the processes behind the harmful events induced by long-term NPS usage. Taken together, “pharmacoepigenomics” may provide a new field of combined study on genetic differences and epigenetic changes in drug reactions that might be predictive in forensic implications.

show abstract

Epigenetic Effects of Drugs of Abuse

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Chronic marijuana usage by human pancreas donors is associated with impaired islet function

Chronic marijuana usage by human pancreas donors is associated with impaired islet function

The Potential Role of Genetics, Environmental Factors, and Gut Dysbiosis in the Aberrant Non-Coding RNA Expression to Mediate Inflammation and Osteoclastogenic/Osteogenic Differentiation in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Epigenetic Studies for Evaluation of NPS Toxicity: Focus on Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About