Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Context of Physical Activity

Tarnowski, Maciej; Kopytko, Patrycja; Piotrowska, Katarzyna

doi:10.3390/genes12091313

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…In other inflammatory diseases, the general view is that regular moderate-intensity physical activity could have an anti-inflammatory effect, while prolonged or high-intensity PA can trigger inflammation, both by leading to epigenetic changes that, in turn, regulate inflammatory responses in peripheral tissues [ 305 , 306 , 307 ]. These peripheral epigenetic changes appear to be largely induced by the muscle secretome, also known as “myokinome”, which corresponds to all the cytokines or proteins produced by the myocyte in response to muscular contractions [ 308 , 309 ]. These sport-induced epigenetic modulations (including both DNA methylations, histone modifications and miR modulations [ 309 ]) seem to vary according to the type of performed exercise (and the frequency, the intensity and the duration) [ 309 ]; the individual (in terms of age, gender and body composition) [ 305 , 309 ] and can vary from one tissue to another [ 310 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These peripheral epigenetic changes appear to be largely induced by the muscle secretome, also known as “myokinome”, which corresponds to all the cytokines or proteins produced by the myocyte in response to muscular contractions [ 308 , 309 ]. These sport-induced epigenetic modulations (including both DNA methylations, histone modifications and miR modulations [ 309 ]) seem to vary according to the type of performed exercise (and the frequency, the intensity and the duration) [ 309 ]; the individual (in terms of age, gender and body composition) [ 305 , 309 ] and can vary from one tissue to another [ 310 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exercise can also induce histones acetylation/deacetylation in a body mass index-dependent manner [ 312 ]. Finally, physical activity also leads to the release of a range of miRs from the muscle, known to play roles in macrophage polarization, dendritic cell activation, dendritic cell-mediated T-cell activation and the Th1 and Th17 differentiation of T cells, which are all pathophysiological processes involved in IBD [ 309 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models

Vieujean

Caron

Haghnejad

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that encompass two main phenotypes, namely Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions occur in genetically predisposed individuals in response to environmental factors. Epigenetics, acting by DNA methylation, post-translational histones modifications or by non-coding RNAs, could explain how the exposome (or all environmental influences over the life course, from conception to death) could influence the gene expression to contribute to intestinal inflammation. We performed a scoping search using Medline to identify all the elements of the exposome that may play a role in intestinal inflammation through epigenetic modifications, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The environmental factors epigenetically influencing the occurrence of intestinal inflammation are the maternal lifestyle (mainly diet, the occurrence of infection during pregnancy and smoking); breastfeeding; microbiota; diet (including a low-fiber diet, high-fat diet and deficiency in micronutrients); smoking habits[ vitamin D and drugs (e.g., IBD treatments, antibiotics and probiotics). Influenced by both microbiota and diet, short-chain fatty acids are gut microbiota-derived metabolites resulting from the anaerobic fermentation of non-digestible dietary fibers, playing an epigenetically mediated role in the integrity of the epithelial barrier and in the defense against invading microorganisms. Although the impact of some environmental factors has been identified, the exposome-induced epimutations in IBD remain a largely underexplored field. How these environmental exposures induce epigenetic modifications (in terms of duration, frequency and the timing at which they occur) and how other environmental factors associated with IBD modulate epigenetics deserve to be further investigated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models

Vieujean

Caron

Haghnejad

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Tarnowski et al ( Tarnowski et al, 2021 ) have reported epigenetics changes at the level of inflammatory response after exercise, while Denham and others ( Denham et al, 2016 ) conducted a clinical trial and assessed the epigenetics modifications in a sample of eight young (aged 21.1 ± 2.2 years) men after 8 weeks of a program of resistance exercise training. Authors reported changes in methylation patterns of genes related to cellular and biological processes such as axon guidance, diabetes and metabolic impairments, and immunity as well as CpG islands, in more detail, growth factor genes—growth-hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and fibroblast growth factor type 1 (FGF-1).…”

Section: Sports Epigenetics/epigenomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Big Data in Sports Sciences: State-of-Art and Future Prospects of OMICS-Based Sports Sciences

Sellami

Elrayess

Puce

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Together with environment and experience (that is to say, diet and training), the biological and genetic make-up of an athlete plays a major role in exercise physiology. Sports genomics has shown, indeed, that some DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be associated with athlete performance and level (such as elite/world-class athletic status), having an impact on physical activity behavior, endurance, strength, power, speed, flexibility, energetic expenditure, neuromuscular coordination, metabolic and cardio-respiratory fitness, among others, as well as with psychological traits. Athletic phenotype is complex and depends on the combination of different traits and characteristics: as such, it requires a “complex science,” like that of metadata and multi-OMICS profiles. Several projects and trials (like ELITE, GAMES, Gene SMART, GENESIS, and POWERGENE) are aimed at discovering genomics-based biomarkers with an adequate predictive power. Sports genomics could enable to optimize and maximize physical performance, as well as it could predict the risk of sports-related injuries. Exercise has a profound impact on proteome too. Proteomics can assess both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view the modifications induced by training. Recently, scholars have assessed the epigenetics changes in athletes. Summarizing, the different omics specialties seem to converge in a unique approach, termed sportomics or athlomics and defined as a “holistic and top-down,” “non-hypothesis-driven research on an individual’s metabolite changes during sports and exercise” (the Athlome Project Consortium and the Santorini Declaration) Not only sportomics includes metabonomics/metabolomics, but relying on the athlete’s biological passport or profile, it would enable the systematic study of sports-induced changes and effects at any level (genome, transcriptome, proteome, etc.). However, the wealth of data is so huge and massive and heterogenous that new computational algorithms and protocols are needed, more computational power is required as well as new strategies for properly and effectively combining and integrating data.

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“…Furthermore, exercise exerts short-term transient effects on epigenetic targets [330,331] and seems to have a wider epigenetic impact in the long term during exercise training [332][333][334]. Physical activity (PA) elicits an inflammatory reaction that triggers epigenetic changes [335] that include DNA and histone modifications, as well as the expression of specific microRNAs, and thus can induce specific and fine-tuned changes to the transcriptional response [336].…”

Section: Sedentarity and Exercise As Epigenetic Programmers Of Variou...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Calorie Paradigm: Taking into Account in Practice the Balance of Fat and Carbohydrate Oxidation during Exercise?

et al. 2022

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Recent literature shows that exercise is not simply a way to generate a calorie deficit as an add-on to restrictive diets but exerts powerful additional biological effects via its impact on mitochondrial function, the release of chemical messengers induced by muscular activity, and its ability to reverse epigenetic alterations. This review aims to summarize the current literature dealing with the hypothesis that some of these effects of exercise unexplained by an energy deficit are related to the balance of substrates used as fuel by the exercising muscle. This balance of substrates can be measured with reliable techniques, which provide information about metabolic disturbances associated with sedentarity and obesity, as well as adaptations of fuel metabolism in trained individuals. The exercise intensity that elicits maximal oxidation of lipids, termed LIPOXmax, FATOXmax, or FATmax, provides a marker of the mitochondrial ability to oxidize fatty acids and predicts how much fat will be oxidized over 45–60 min of low- to moderate-intensity training performed at the corresponding intensity. LIPOXmax is a reproducible parameter that can be modified by many physiological and lifestyle influences (exercise, diet, gender, age, hormones such as catecholamines, and the growth hormone-Insulin-like growth factor I axis). Individuals told to select an exercise intensity to maintain for 45 min or more spontaneously select a level close to this intensity. There is increasing evidence that training targeted at this level is efficient for reducing fat mass, sparing muscle mass, increasing the ability to oxidize lipids during exercise, lowering blood pressure and low-grade inflammation, improving insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, reducing blood glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes, and decreasing the circulating cholesterol level. Training protocols based on this concept are easy to implement and accept in very sedentary patients and have shown an unexpected efficacy over the long term. They also represent a useful add-on to bariatric surgery in order to maintain and improve its weight-lowering effect. Additional studies are required to confirm and more precisely analyze the determinants of LIPOXmax and the long-term effects of training at this level on body composition, metabolism, and health.

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Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Context of Physical Activity

Cited by 11 publications

References 151 publications

Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models

Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models

Molecular Big Data in Sports Sciences: State-of-Art and Future Prospects of OMICS-Based Sports Sciences

Beyond the Calorie Paradigm: Taking into Account in Practice the Balance of Fat and Carbohydrate Oxidation during Exercise?

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