Epigenetic regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization in diabetic wound healing (Review)

Abstract

Diabetic wounds represent a significant complication of diabetes and present a substantial challenge to global public health. Macrophages are crucial effector cells that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic wounds, through their polarization into distinct functional phenotypes. The field of epigenetics has emerged as a rapidly advancing research area, as this phenomenon has the potential to markedly affect gene expression, cellular differentiation, tissue development and susceptibility to disease. Understanding epigenetic mechanisms is crucial to further exploring disease pathogenesis. A growing body of scientific evidence has highlighted the pivotal role of epigenetics in the regulation of macrophage phenotypes. Various epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNAs, are involved in the modulation of macrophage phenotype differentiation in response to the various environmental stimuli present in diabetic wounds. The present review provided an overview of the various changes that take place in macrophage phenotypes and functions within diabetic wounds and discussed the emerging role of epigenetic modifications in terms of regulating macrophage plasticity in diabetic wounds. It is hoped that this synthesis of information will facilitate the elucidation of diabetic wound pathogenesis and the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Contents1. Introduction 2. Macrophage polarization 3. Macrophages in normal wound healing 4. Macrophages in diabetic wound healing 5. Epigenetic regulation of macrophage polarization in diabetic wounds 6. Interaction of epigenetic modifications regulating macrophage polarization in diabetic wounds 7. Key signaling pathways regulating macrophage polarization 8. Conclusion and perspectives