Epigenetics and Biomarkers in the Staging of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Archer, Trevor; Beninger, Richard J.; Palomo, Tomás; Kostrzewa, Richard M.

doi:10.1007/s12640-010-9163-5

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 295 publications

(224 reference statements)

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“…Measurable endophenotypes , both as neuropsychiatric concepts and biomarkers, indicate a point on the pathway between gene to disorder, linked to expressed abnormality, that is reflected in clinically unaffected relatives, vulnerability polymorphisms, and the cognitive-emotional domains [51]. Taken together, the relative contributions of endophenotypes and epistasis in the mediation of epigenetic phenomena may prove essential to diagnosis, intervention, and prognosis [52]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenetics and Epigenetics in Impulsive Behaviour: Impact on Reward Circuitry

Archer

Oscar‐Berman²,

Blum³

et al. 2012

J Genet Syndr Gene Ther

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Adverse, unfavourable life conditions, particularly during early life stages and infancy, can lead to epigenetic regulation of genes involved in stress-response, behavioral disinhibition, and cognitive-emotional systems. Over time, the ultimate final outcome can be expressed through behaviors bedeviled by problems with impulse control, such as eating disorders, alcoholism, and indiscriminate social behavior. While many reward gene polymorphisms are involved in impulsive behaviors, a polymorphism by itself may not translate to the development of a particular behavioral disorder unless it is impacted by epigenetic effects. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) affects the development and integrity of the noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems, and plasma levels of the neurotrophin are associated with both cognitive and aggressive impulsiveness. Epigenetic mechanisms associated with a multitude of environmental factors, including premature birth, low birth weight, prenatal tobacco exposure, non-intact family, young maternal age at birth of the target child, paternal history of antisocial behavior, and maternal depression, alter the developmental trajectories for several neuropsychiatric disorders. These mechanisms affect brain development and integrity at several levels that determine structure and function in resolving the final behavioral expressions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenetics and Epigenetics in Impulsive Behaviour: Impact on Reward Circuitry

Archer

Oscar‐Berman²,

Blum³

et al. 2012

J Genet Syndr Gene Ther

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“…Assuming that the pathology of the schizophrenia [119, 120] and the cell proliferation/neurogenesis [70, 121] are subjected to epigenetic control mechanisms, future research is needed to address the exact neurogenic mechanisms of antipsychotics adjusting by epigenetic factors.…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Effects Of Antipsychotics On Nementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Antipsychotics on Dentate Gyrus Stem Cell Proliferation and Survival in Animal Models: A Critical Update

2012

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder. Although a number of different hypotheses have been developed to explain its aetiopathogenesis, we are far from understanding it. There is clinical and experimental evidence indicating that neurodevelopmental factors play a major role. Disturbances in neurodevelopment might result in alterations of neuroanatomy and neurochemistry, leading to the typical symptoms observed in schizophrenia. The present paper will critically address the neurodevelopmental models underlying schizophrenia by discussing the effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics in animal models. We will specifically discuss the vitamin D deficiency model, the poly I:C model, the ketamine model, and the postnatal ventral hippocampal lesion model, all of which reflect core neurodevelopmental issues underlying schizophrenia onset.

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“…Another advance is the increasing availability and sophistication of high throughput techniques for the analyses of the ‘epigenome’ (i.e. heritable variation that is based not in nucleotide sequences but in other mechanisms such as DNA methylation) (Archer et al, 2010; Costa et al, 2002; Feng & Fan, 2009; Narayan & Dragunow, 2010). …”

Section: Principles Of Gene Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both these contexts, research into DNA variation necessarily has to be coordinated with other aspects of genomics. Thus, investigation of epigenetic phenomena, changes of expression on a large scale and understanding gene – gene interactions in complex networks using systems biology approaches are emerging as promising lines of enquiry (Archer et al, 2010; Benzel et al, 2007; Edwards et al, 2008; Gasso et al, 2010; Guidotti et al, 2010; Kumarasinghe et al, 2012; Liou et al, 2012; Maric & Svrakic, 2012; Rapoport et al, 2012; Schijndel & Martens, 2010; Smith et al, 2010; Van Winkel et al, 2010; Waddington et al, 2007; Woelk et al, 2011; Zahir & Brown, 2011). These newer genome analysis technologies together with other tools such as imaging and optical manipulation of neural circuits hold promise of developing novel insights into the biology of SZ (Rudan, 2010) that in turn may lead to new therapeutic interventions.…”

Section: How Can Gene Mapping Studies Assist the Practising Clinician?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of schizophrenia from a clinicial perspective

Kukshal

Thelma

Nimgaonkar

et al. 2012

International Review of Psychiatry

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Schizophrenia (SZ) is a common disorder that runs in families. It has a relatively high heritability, i.e. inherited factors account for the major proportion of its etiology. The high heritability has motivated gene mapping studies that have improved in sophistication through the past two decades. Belying earlier expectations, it is now becoming increasingly clear that the cause of SZ does not reside in a single mutation, or even in a single gene. Rather, there are multiple DNA variants, not all of which have been identified. Additional risk may be conferred by interactions between individual DNA variants, as well as ‘gene-environment’ interactions. We review studies that have accounted for a fraction of the heritability. Their relevance to the practising clinician is discussed. We propose that continuing research in DNA variation, in conjunction with rapid ongoing advances in allied fields, will yield dividends from the perspective of diagnosis, treatment prediction through pharmacogenetics, and rational treatment through discoveries in pathogenesis.

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Epigenetics and Biomarkers in the Staging of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Cited by 25 publications

References 295 publications

Neurogenetics and Epigenetics in Impulsive Behaviour: Impact on Reward Circuitry

Neurogenetics and Epigenetics in Impulsive Behaviour: Impact on Reward Circuitry

Effects of Antipsychotics on Dentate Gyrus Stem Cell Proliferation and Survival in Animal Models: A Critical Update

Genetics of schizophrenia from a clinicial perspective

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