Epigenetics and Effects on the Neonate That May Impact Feed Efficiency

Meyer, Allison M; Caton, J. S.; Hess, B. W.; Ford, Stephen P.; Reynolds, Lawrence P.

doi:10.1002/9781118392331.ch13

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Studies of the effects of nutrition during the neonatal period of lambs are scarce but some (Davies and Owen, 1967;Greenwood et al, 2004;Galvani et al, 2014) have revealed an open window during this early stage of life where the milk intake level generates long-term effects on feed efficiency. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the differences in feed efficiency, which might be multifactorial (e.g., differences in digestion, absorption, or metabolic use of absorbed nutrients, as well as modifications in gene expression or activation of the immune response), are not completely understood (Meyer et al, 2012;Gotoh, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed efficiency and the liver proteome of fattening lambs are modified by feed restriction during the suckling period

Santos

Valdés

Giráldez

et al. 2018

Animal

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The present study was designed to describe the effects of early feed restriction of Merino lambs on feed efficiency during the fattening period by examining ruminal microbiota and fermentation parameters, gastrointestinal morphology, digestibility or liver proteome. In total, 24 male Merino lambs were randomly assigned to two experimental treatments (n=12 per treatment). Lambs of the first group (ad libitum (ADL)) were kept permanently with the dams, whereas the other 12 lambs (restricted (RES)) were milk restricted. When lambs reached a live BW (LBW) of 15 kg, all the animals were offered the same complete pelleted diet (35 g dry matter/kg LBW per day) until slaughter at a LBW of 27 kg. The RES lambs showed poorer feed efficiency during the fattening period when compared with the ADL group (feed to gain ratio, 3.69 v. 3.05, P<0.001). No differences were observed in ruminal microbiota, fermentation parameters or apparent digestibility. However, the proportion of the small intestine and the length of ileal villi were reduced in the RES lambs. In total, 26 spots/proteins were identified in the liver proteomic profile, with significant differences (P<0.05) between experimental treatments, suggesting a higher catabolism of proteins and a reduction in β-oxidation of fatty acids in RES lambs when compared with the ADL animals. In conclusion, early feed restriction of Merino lambs during the suckling period promotes long-term effects on the small intestine and the proteomic profile of the liver, which may influence the metabolic use of nutrients, thus negatively affecting feed efficiency during the fattening phase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed efficiency and the liver proteome of fattening lambs are modified by feed restriction during the suckling period

Santos

Valdés

Giráldez

et al. 2018

Animal

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“…In many species, maternal nutrient restriction during gestation can alter fetal growth, resulting in impaired development, low birth weight offspring, and potential long-term consequences (Wu et al, 2006;Caton and Hess, 2010;Reynolds et al, 2010). Beef cows are often undernourished during gestation due to limiting forage quality and quantity, and ruminant offspring intestinal tissues are responsive to maternal nutrition during gestation (reviewed in Meyer et al, 2012a). Because organogenesis of the fetus occurs in early to midgestation, maternal nutrition during this period may have a more pronounced effect on small intestinal development (Fowden et al, 2006;Nathanielsz, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small intestinal growth measures are correlated with feed efficiency in market weight cattle, despite minimal effects of maternal nutrition during early to midgestation1

Meyer

Hess

Paisley

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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We hypothesized that gestational nutrition would affect calf feed efficiency and small intestinal biology, which would be correlated with feed efficiency. Multiparous beef cows (n = 36) were individually fed 1 of 3 diets from d 45 to 185 of gestation: native grass hay and supplement to meet NRC recommendations (control [CON]), 70% of CON NEm (nutrient restricted [NR]), or a NR diet with a RUP supplement (NR+RUP) to provide similar essential AA as CON. After d 185 of gestation, cows were managed as a single group, and calf individual feed intake was measured with the GrowSafe System during finishing. At slaughter, the small intestine was dissected and sampled. Data were analyzed with calf sex as a block. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.33) of maternal treatment on residual feed intake, G:F, DMI, ADG, or final BW. Small intestinal mass did not differ (P ≥ 0.38) among treatments, although calf small intestinal length tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for NR than NR+RUP. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.20) in calf small intestinal density or jejunal cellularity, proliferation, or vascularity among treatments. Jejunal soluble guanylate cyclase mRNA was greater (P < 0.03) for NR+RUP than CON and NR. Residual feed intake was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.09) with small intestinal mass and relative mass and jejunal RNA content but was negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.09) with jejunal mucosal density and DNA concentration. Gain:feed was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.09) with jejunal mucosal density, DNA, protein, and total cells and was negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with small intestinal relative mass, jejunal RNA, and RNA:DNA. Dry matter intake was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.09) with small intestinal mass, relative mass, length, and density as well as jejunal DNA and protein content, total cells, total vascularity, and kinase insert domain receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 mRNA and was negatively correlated (P = 0.02) with relative small intestinal length. In this study, calf performance and efficiency during finishing as well as most measures of small intestinal growth were not affected by maternal nutrient restriction during early and midgestation. Results indicate that offspring small intestinal gene expression may be affected by gestational nutrition even when apparent tissue growth is unchanged. Furthermore, small intestinal size and growth may explain some variation in efficiency of nutrient utilization in feedlot cattle.

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“…Genetic selection based on RFI may result in substantial reductions in costs of production, manure nitrogen, phosphorus excretion, and methane emissions by livestock (Herd et al, 2003;Hegarty et al, 2007;Basarab et al, 2013;Knapp et al, 2014). Studies have reported some of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms controlling RFI (e.g., Herd et al, 2004;Kolath et al, 2006;Bottje and Carstens, 2012;Davis et al, 2012;Meyer et al, 2012;Montanholi et al, 2013a), but available information is still scarce regarding a plausible link between mineral utilization and RFI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of macrominerals and trace elements in pregnant heifers with distinct feed efficiencies

Dias

Montanholi

López

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of the study was to evaluate utilization of dietary minerals and trace elements in pregnant heifers with distinct residual feed intakes (RFI). Feed intake, body weight (BW), and body composition traits were recorded in 36 crossbred heifers over a period of 37 wk, starting shortly after weaning at 8.3 (0.10; standard deviation) mo of age with an average BW of 276 (7.8) kg. Both BW and body composition were monitored regularly throughout the study, whereas individual feed intake was assessed during the last 84 d of the trial. Data recorded were used to calculate RFI for each heifer. Heifers were ranked based on RFI and assigned to high (n=14) or low (n=10) RFI groups. After the RFI study, 24 selected heifers [age 18.2 (0.14) mo; 87.5 (4.74) d in gestation; 497 (8.5) kg of BW] were used in an indirect digestibility trial (lignin as internal marker). Heifers were fed a ration containing corn silage, haylage, and a mineral premix in which Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn, and Co were provided in the diet according to National Research Council requirements of pregnant replacement heifers. The digestibility trial lasted 1 wk, during which samples of feces were gathered twice daily, and blood and liver biopsy samples were collected on the last day. We noted no significant differences between low- and high-RFI heifers in dry matter digestibility. Apparent absorption of Cu, Zn, and Mn was increased in heifers with low RFI, and apparent absorption of Co tended to be greater for these animals. Concentrations of macrominerals and trace elements in serum of pregnant heifers were similar for both groups except for Se, which was increased in the serum of low-RFI heifers. Liver concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn did not differ between low- and high-RFI heifers. In conclusion, whereas improved absorption of some trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co) and increased Se serum concentration appear to be associated with superior feed efficiency in pregnant heifers, further studies are needed to investigate the causality of such relationships.

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Epigenetics and Effects on the Neonate That May Impact Feed Efficiency

Cited by 14 publications

References 152 publications

Feed efficiency and the liver proteome of fattening lambs are modified by feed restriction during the suckling period

Feed efficiency and the liver proteome of fattening lambs are modified by feed restriction during the suckling period

Small intestinal growth measures are correlated with feed efficiency in market weight cattle, despite minimal effects of maternal nutrition during early to midgestation1

Utilization of macrominerals and trace elements in pregnant heifers with distinct feed efficiencies

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