Epigenetics and field cancerization as the caveats of carcinogenesis and recurrence of gastrointestinal malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Kyaruzi, Victor Meza; Mduma, Emmanuel; Abdelhammed, Ahmed; Suvvari, Tarun Kumar; Dieu, Tumusifu Manegabe jean de; Davis, Banturaki; Sakaiwa, Neontle; Hammoud, Zeinab; Tango, Tamara; Djatche, Wesley Harrisson Bouche; Phiri, Emmanuel Chileshe; Tunde, Olobatoke A; Waffa, Zuraiha; Ngamba, Ramadhani; Elamin, Zobidah; Akilimali, Aymar; Kambey, Piniel Alphayo; Khamisi, Ramadhani; Mwanga, Ally; Shimber, Emnet Tesfaye; Mfinanga, Sayoki; Mwakigonja, Amos; Dodgion, Christopher

doi:10.1093/jsprm/snad005

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, which assail the digestive tract, have a significant presence in the global cancer landscape due to their prevalence and mortality rates. [1] This group includes cancers of the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and colorectum. Despite advancements in early detection and treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the prognosis remains poor for many, especially those diagnosed at advanced stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the landscape of drug resistance in gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy: A review

Yao,

Li,

Duan

et al. 2024

Medicine

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers pose a significant challenge due to high prevalence and mortality. While advancements in detection and conventional treatments have been made, prognosis often remains poor, particularly for advanced-stage cancers. Immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach, leveraging the body immune system against cancer, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell transfer. These modalities have shown promise, achieving sustained responses and improved survival in some patients. However, their efficacy in GI cancers is less pronounced, hindered by drug resistance mechanisms that are either intrinsic or acquired over time. This review examines the latest understanding of immunotherapy in GI cancers, focusing on ICIs, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell transfer, along with their associated outcomes and limitations. It delves into the mechanisms behind drug resistance, including alterations in immune checkpoints, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and genetic/epigenetic changes. The role of the gut microbiome is also considered as an emerging factor in resistance. To combat drug resistance, strategies such as enhancing immune response, targeting the tumor microenvironment, and modulating resistance mechanisms are explored. The review underscores the potential of ferroptosis induction as a novel approach. Looking forward, it highlights the need for personalized immunotherapies, understanding the influence of the gut microbiome, and further exploration of ferroptosis in overcoming resistance. While challenges persist, the continuous evolution in GI cancer immunotherapy research promises innovative treatments that could significantly improve patient outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%