Epigenetics in developmental defects of enamel: A scoping review

Abstract

ObjectivesThe significant role of epigenetics has been revealed in normal enamel formation process and occurrence of developmental defects. This presented literature is aiming at summarizing the regulatory function of epigenetics in physiological amelogenesis process and reviewing the epigenetic mechanisms in occurrence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE), so as to provide biological foundation evidence to support early predication and clinical management of DDE.MethodAn extensive literature review was conducted using electronic databases MEDLINE (through PubMed), Web of Science and EMBASE up to November 30, 2022. Studies about epigenetic effects on enamel tissue or cells associated with amelogenesis, including in vivo studies using human or animal models, and in vitro studies, are selected.ResultsA total of 22 studies were included. Epigenetic factors or effects specifically activate or silence certain genes, which may regulate related biological activities including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, enamel secretion, and mineralization during the process of amelogenesis. Once the status of epigenetic modification is altered, the quantity and quality of enamel may both be disturbed, which can finally result in DDE.ConclusionEpigenetics plays a noteworthy role of regulating the amelogenesis process and DDE potentially by altering the expression levels of genes related to enamel formation, providing a new perspective of early predication and clinical management of DDE.

Cleft lip and palate severity and COVID-19 related risk factors in five Arab Countries

“…Furthermore, although not signi cant, we found that the use of supplements before and in early pregnancy was associated with lower odds of more severe CL/P. This follow previous studies showing that an association between NSOFC and maternal nutritional de ciencies during early pregnancy [41] Vitamin B and folic acid supplementation were previously reported to be associated with lower risk of NSOFC in infants [42]. Also, an animal study on mice with CP mutation (Tgf-B3-/-) found that folic acid supplementation signi cantly minimized CP severity by improving palatal shelf adhesion and disposition of collagen IV, cytokeratin-17, laminin, and bronectin [43].…”

Crosstalk between stomatology and medical genetics: Viewpoints of Chinese scholars

“…This special issue comprises nine invited reviews from OGDRD committee members, focusing on congenital dental abnormalities such as hereditary enamel and dentin defects (Dong et al, 2023; Su et al, 2023; Yuan et al, 2023; Zhang et al, 2023), tooth agenesis (Lan et al, 2022), multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption (Wang et al, 2022), craniofacial and oral malformations including non‐syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion (Zhou et al, 2022), mandibular coronoid process hyperplasia (Wang, 2022), and hemifacial microsomia (Luo et al, 2023).…”

“…In the case of hemifacial microsomia, Luo et al (2023) introduced the OMENS‐Plus classification system to enhance the accuracy of diagnosis and optimize treatment approaches (Luo et al, 2023). Reports demonstrate that molecular‐based enamel or dentin phenotypes may provide valuable insights for the precise diagnosis (Dong et al, 2023; Su et al, 2023; Zhang et al, 2023) and clinical management at different stages of dentin dysplasia to avoid the development of secondary dental lesions (Yuan et al, 2023). Part of syndromic dentin defects have the phenotypes similar to dentinogenesis imperfecta or dentin dysplasia, while others do not.…”

“…Both polygenic inheritance and monogenic inheritance contribute to non‐syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion and hemifacial microsomia (Luo et al, 2023; Zhou et al, 2022). Meanwhile, epigenetics also play a critical role in craniofacial and dental genetic diseases such as non‐syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion and developmental defects of the enamel (Zhang et al, 2023; Zhou et al, 2022). Genetic heterogeneity and multiple genetic mechanisms may further impact patient diagnosis and differential diagnoses.…”