Epigenetics of Glucose Metabolism and the Basis for T2DM Interventions

McLellan, Kátia Cristina Portero; Manda, Rodrigo Minoro; Sloan, Lance; Burini, Roberto Carlos

doi:10.5772/56507

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Within the brain, insulin also regulates cognitive functions such as learning and memory (56). Although muscle insulin resistance increases the risk of diabetes, it also allows the diversion of glucose from muscle to other tissues (57).…”

Section: The Role Of Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perinatal nutrient restriction resulting in IUGR leads to silencing histone modifications in skeletal muscle which in turn directly decrease GLUT4 gene expression, effectively creating a metabolic knockdown of this important regulator of peripheral glucose transport and insulin resistance and contributing to the adult T2D phenotype (57).…”

Section: The Thriftiness Of Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is accepted that an ancestral polymorphism of the muscle glucose transporter (GLUT4) spread in the past to save this sugar from muscle in favor of the brain in periods of famine. In fact, IUGR is associated with an increase in MEF2D (form that acts as an inhibitor) and a decrease in both MEF2A (that acts as an activator) and MyoD (a co-activator) binding to the GLUT 4 promoter in skeletal muscle (57).…”

Section: The Thriftiness Of Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(223), insulin resistance (224,225) diabetes (226,227) plasma cholesterol, triglycerides markers of inflammation and CVD (65). Additionally, there is a close correlation between nutrition and the recent exponential increase in the conditions of obesity (19), dyslipidemia (86), diabetes (57), hypertension (21), metabolic syndrome (35) and cardiovascular disease, as seen in nations who adopted the "western lifestyle". Thus, as our civilization evolved, a sedentary lifestyle and sodium-and energy-rich diet, the thrifty genotype is no longer advantageous, and may be maladaptive to disease phenotype, such as hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance syndrome (117).…”

Section: Apoe-4 On Modern Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding contemporary diseases under evolutionary medicine view

Burini¹

2023

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Editora Direitos para esta edição cedidos à Atena Editora pelos autores. Open access publication by Atena Editora Todo o conteúdo deste livro está licenciado sob uma Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons. Atribuição-Não-Comercial-NãoDerivativos 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). O conteúdo do texto e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva do autor, inclusive não representam necessariamente a posição oficial da Atena Editora. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos ao autor, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.Todos os manuscritos foram previamente submetidos à avaliação cega pelos pares, membros do Conselho Editorial desta Editora, tendo sido aprovados para a publicação com base em critérios de neutralidade e imparcialidade acadêmica.A Atena Editora é comprometida em garantir a integridade editorial em todas as etapas do processo de publicação, evitando plágio, dados ou resultados fraudulentos e impedindo que interesses financeiros comprometam os padrões éticos da publicação. Situações suspeitas de má conduta científica serão investigadas sob o mais alto padrão de rigor acadêmico e ético.

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Section: The Role Of Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Thriftiness Of Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Thriftiness Of Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apoe-4 On Modern Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding contemporary diseases under evolutionary medicine view

Burini¹

2023

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“…The conventional Mendelian inheritance models have proven inadequate in elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying T2DM. In the investigations about single nucleotide polymorphisms, that have been related to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), no pathogenic mutations have been identified [6]. Insulin resistance is a pivotal variable in the pathogenesis of T2DM.…”

Section: Indian Replication Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has the Evolution of Homo Sapiens Domesticated Metabolic Diseases Like Diabetes? A Narrative Review

Shankar

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In this narrative review article, we attempt to review the information available to support the possible link between the evolution of Homo sapiens and the increase in metabolic diseases like diabetes. The Ardipithecus group, which lived around 6 million years ago, is considered the earliest humans closely linked to primates. The taxonomic assemblage encompasses Orrorin tugenensis, Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Ardipithecus ramidus, and Ardipithecus kadabba. Australopithecus anamensis, the initial reported member of the Australopithecines, inhabited the Earth approximately 4.2 to 3.8 million years in the past, demonstrating a combination of characteristics similar to both apes and human beings. They were bipedal and had an ankle joint that allowed them to walk upright. Australopithecus afarensis, another member of the group, had apelike traits such as long arms with curved fingers but was also bipedal and had a small brain case. Their capability to walk standing and climb trees assisted them in surviving for nearly 900,000 years.Various studies have shown that food, BMI, habits, early puberty, use of pesticides, and environmental changes can all impact the incidence of diabetes. Domestication has allowed us (Homo Sapiens) to survive more efficiently, civilize more effectively and socialize more adequately. This natural course of evolution has taken and will continue to take millions of years. Future research and policy development may benefit from interdisciplinary approaches and a deeper exploration of the evolutionary aspects of human health.

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The lifestyle modification effectiveness in reducing Hypertension in a Brazilian Community: From the epigenetic basis of Ancestral Survival to the Contemporary Lifestyle and Public Health Initiatives

Burini¹

2017

Ann Clin Hypertens

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High blood pressure (HBP) is a strong, independent and etiologically relevant risk factor for cardiovascular and therefore, the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. Hypertension has high medical and social costs. Due to its many associated complications, the use of medical services create high costs with medications which represent almost half of the estimated direct expenses. Free distribution of more than 15 medications for HyPERtension and DIAbetes (HIPERDIA program) clearly shows the important role of drugs in the Brazilian Government's effort to tackle these two diseases. Notwithstanding, the prevalence of HBP is rising in parallel with other NCDs. It is known that HBP results from environmental and genetic factors, and interactions among them. Our ancestors were often faced with survival stresses, including famine, water and sodium deprivation. As results of natural selection, the survival pressures drove our evolution to shape a thrifty genotype, which favored/ promoted energy-saving and sodium/water preservation. However, with the switch to a sodium-and energy-rich diets and sedentary lifestyle, the thrifty genotype and ancient frugal alleles, are no longer advantageous, and may be maladaptive to disease phenotype, resulting in hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance syndrome. Lowgrade chronic infl ammation and oxidative stress would be the underlying mechanisms for these diseases. HBP is often associated with unhealthy lifestyles such as consumption of high fat and/or high-salt diets and physical inactivity. Therefore, alternatively to medicine drugs, lifestyle and behavioral modifi cations are stressed for the prevention, treatment, and control of hypertension. A lifestyle modifi cation program (LSM) involving dietary counseling and regularly supervised physical activity ("Move for Health") has been used for decades, in our group, for NCDs primary care. Retrospective (2006-2016) data from 1317 subjects have shown the top quartile of blood pressure(142.2/88.5mmHg) differing from the lower quartile (120.6/69.2mmHg) by being older, with lower schooling, lower income and, lower physical activity and aerobic capacity. Additionally, the P75 showed higher intake of CHO, saturated fat and sodium along with lower-diet quality score with a more processed foods. They showed higher body fatness and prevalence of metabolic syndrome along with higher pro-infl ammatory and peroxidative activities and insulin resistance. In this free-demand sample, the HBP rate was 51.2% for SBP and 42.7% for DBP. The rate of undiagnosed HBP was 9.8% and only 1/3 of medicated patients were controlled for HBP. After 10 weeks of LSM the HBP normalization achieved 17.8% for SBP and 9.3% for DBP with a net effectiveness of 8.5% and 2.4%, respectively. The reduction of HBP by LSM was followed by increased aerobic conditioning and reduced intake of processed foods along with decreased values of BMI, abdominal fatness, insulin resistance, pro-infl ammatory and peroxydative activities. Importantly, once applied nationwide this L...

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Epigenetics of Glucose Metabolism and the Basis for T2DM Interventions

Cited by 3 publications

References 103 publications

Understanding contemporary diseases under evolutionary medicine view

Understanding contemporary diseases under evolutionary medicine view

Has the Evolution of Homo Sapiens Domesticated Metabolic Diseases Like Diabetes? A Narrative Review

The lifestyle modification effectiveness in reducing Hypertension in a Brazilian Community: From the epigenetic basis of Ancestral Survival to the Contemporary Lifestyle and Public Health Initiatives

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