Epigenetics of human diseases and scope in future therapeutics

Shamsi, Monis Bilal; Firoz, Abdul S.; Imam, Syed Nazar; Alzaman, Naweed; Samman, Muhammad A

doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.04.003

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The etiology as well as the outcome of most psychiatric and somatic/neurologic disorders is multidimensional and predicated on complex interactions between genes and environmental factors. Aberrations of epigenetic mechanisms are critical factors in the initiation and progression of many disorders and diseases (Shamsi et al 2017). It is well confirmed that many psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, recurrent depression) and neurologic (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, multiple sclerosis) are associated with aging, epigenetic alterations (see table 4), a loss of neurons and glial cells, and neuro-degeneration.…”

Section: Epigenetics Of Resilience Comorbidity and Treatment Outcomementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Epigenetic alterations are involved in a diverse set of processes and implicated in a variety of mental disorders and somatic diseases. The reversibility of epigenetic defects makes epigenetic disorders and diseases amenable to therapeutics (Shamsi et al 2017) while the identification of epigenetic dysfunctions gives an opportunity to consider new treatment approaches (Tripathy 2011). The concept of translational medicine implies the application of latest scientific research in diagnostics, prevention and treatment of diseases, all in the spirit of evidence based medicine for the best patients' outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epigenetics, Resilience, Comorbidity and Treatment Outcome

Jakovljević

Borovečki

2018

Psychiat Danub

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Personalized or precision medicine is a relatively new promising concept which is gaining momentum in all branches of medicine including psychiatry and neurology. Psychiatry and neurology are medical specialties dealing with diagnosis, prevention and treatment of brain disorders which are the main causes of years lived with disability worldwide as well as shortened life. Despite a huge progress in clinical psychopharmacology and neuropharmacology, the treatment outcome for many psychiatric disorders and neurologic diseases has remained unsatisfactory. With aging, comorbidities are more the rule, than an exception and may significantly influence on the final treatment outcome. Epigenetic modulation, resilience and life style are key determinants of the health and very important issues for understanding therapeutic mechanisms and responses. There is a hope that epigenetic profiling before treatment could be used in near future to increase the likelihood of good treatment response by selecting the appropriate medication. The aim of this paper is to offer an overview of the main aspects of epigenetic modulation, resilience and comorbidities and their role in developing the concept of personalized medicine. While waiting for more precise and reliable treatment guidelines it is possible to increase treatment effectiveness in psychiatry and neurology by enhancing individual resilience of patients and managing comorbidities properly.

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Section: Epigenetics Of Resilience Comorbidity and Treatment Outcomementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics, Resilience, Comorbidity and Treatment Outcome

Jakovljević

Borovečki

2018

Psychiat Danub

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“…Epigenetic modifications are inherited characteristics that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence, as they result from changes in gene expression due to changes in DNA accessibility or chromatin structure ( 15 ). They are reversible modifications in gene function, involving overexpression or silencing of genes by mechanisms that do no result in DNA alterations, therefore being responsible for changes in the phenotype without genotypic alterations ( 16 , 17 ).…”

Section: Epigeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of HPV‑induced epigenetic changes in cervical carcinogenesis (Review)

et al. 2021

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Cervical cancer is associated with infection by certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), and this affects women worldwide. Despite the improvements in prevention and cure of HPV-induced cervical cancer, it remains the second most common type of cancer in women in the least developed regions of the world. Epigenetic modifications are stable long-term changes that occur in the DNA, and are part of a natural evolutionary process of necessary adaptations to the environment. They do not result in changes in the DNA sequence, but do affect gene expression and genomic stability. Epigenetic changes are important in several biological processes. The effects of the environment on gene expression can contribute to the development of numerous diseases. Epigenetic modifications may serve a critical role in cancer cells, by silencing tumor suppressor genes, activating oncogenes, and exacerbating defects in DNA repair mechanisms. Although cervical cancer is directly related to a persistent high-risk HPV infection, several epigenetic changes have been identified in both the viral DNA and the genome of the infected cells: DNA methylation, histone modification and gene silencing by non-coding RNAs, which initiate and sustain epigenetic changes. In the present review, recent advances in the role of epigenetic changes in cervical cancer are summarized.

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“…The epigenetics represents alterations in genetic functions without changing DNA sequence and constitutes an interface of genetic/ environmental factors interplay, e.g. DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs regulation and higher order chromatin remodeling [28]. MiRNAs are 18-22 nucleotide long, non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional suppression of gene expression [29].…”

Section: Genetics and Epigenetics Of Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Hormones and Alzheimer’s Disease

Bahnasy¹,

El-Heneedy²,

El-Seidy³

2018

Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Processes and Diseases

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and the most common neurodegenerative disorder of elderly. It is not an accelerated form of aging but it is characterized by distinct temporospatial brain pathological changes, including amyloid plaques accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles deposition, synaptic loss and neuronal death with gross brain atrophy. These changes result in persistent progressive memory and cognitive decline interfering with the usual daily activities. AD is a multifactorial disorder results from the interaction of genetic, epigenetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Estrogen, progesterone and androgen effects are important building stones in AD pathogenesis, and their effect in brain modulation and development results in different gender susceptibility to the disease. These sex hormones whether gonadal or neurosteroids (synthesized locally in the brain) play important neuroprotective roles influencing the individual's vulnerability to AD development, rate of mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/AD conversion and speed of AD progression. Despite the little therapeutic implications of hormonal replacement therapy in AD treatment, yet this topic still represents a challenging hopeful way to construct a strategy for the development of personalized, gender-specific AD management.

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Epigenetics of human diseases and scope in future therapeutics

Cited by 21 publications

References 79 publications

Epigenetics, Resilience, Comorbidity and Treatment Outcome

Epigenetics, Resilience, Comorbidity and Treatment Outcome

The role of HPV‑induced epigenetic changes in cervical carcinogenesis (Review)

Sex Hormones and Alzheimer’s Disease

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