Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa

Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Willingham, Arve Lee; Sikasunge, Chummy; Schmutzhard, Erich

doi:10.1007/s00508-009-1242-3

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…22 Studies in rural populations of Uganda, Zambia, and Burkina Faso and in an urban population of Tanzania, that are combining serology and neuroimaging data, are underway. A recent metaanalysis on the prevalence of NCC in people with epilepsy, including 12 studies mainly from Latin America, India and sub-Saharan Africa, found that NCC was the cause of epilepsy in almost 30% of people with epilepsy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neurocysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of prevalence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management

Winkler

2012

Pathogens and Global Health

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112

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Neurocysticercosis has been recognized as a major cause of secondary epilepsy worldwide. So far, most of the knowledge about the disease comes from Latin America and the Indian subcontinent. Unfortunately, in sub-Saharan Africa the condition was neglected for a long time, mainly owing to the lack of appropriate diagnostic tools. This review therefore focuses on the prevalence of neurocysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa, the clinical picture with emphasis on epilepsy, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis and its related epilepsy/epileptic seizures in African resource-poor settings.

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Neurocysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of prevalence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management

Winkler

2012

Pathogens and Global Health

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112

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“…4 Community-based prevalence studies have demonstrated a wide range of sero-prevalences of human cysticercosis from 6-45% based on various diagnostic techniques. [5][6][7][8][9] Moreover in southern African countries T. solium is widely distributed in free-ranging pig populations. Previous reports have indicated a prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in endemic districts between 8.2% and 46.7%.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…14 For the diagnose of T. solium cysticercosis in humans several serological tests (immunoblot, especially enzyme-linked immunoelectrodiffusion transfer blot [EITB]; antibody-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], antigen-ELISA) are used to confirm clinical and radiological findings. 4,5,15,16 Most of the antibody-detecting tests are based on antigen preparations (crude extracts and glycoprotein fractions) from T. solium metacestodes (whole cysts, cyst fluid and scolices/cyst membranes) extracted from pig carcasses. 16 Thus far, it has mainly been cysticerci from Latin America and Asia which have been in widespread use.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1 In some African countries, reference laboratories and related research facilities have been newly established within the past years, 4,5,17 but most of them are still dependent on antigens provided by European and American institutions, and are not yet ready to undertake routine testing outside their research activities. However, within the African continent shipment of routine samples to distant reference laboratories is not practicable due to high costs and required continuous cooling chain.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Taenia solium metacestode preparation in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa: a source for diagnosis and research on cysticercosis

Schmidt¹,

Sikasunge²,

Odongo-Aginya³

et al. 2015

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Taenia solium metacestodes/cysts obtained from pig carcasses constitute a primary source for diagnostic tools used for the detection of human cysticercosis. Data on T. solium cyst preparation in Africa is still scarce but required to establish independent reference laboratories. Objectives: The aim of the present study is a) to present the likely yield of T. solium cyst material by the use of two different preparation methods in the field and b) to investigate its suitability for immunodiagnosis of human cysticercosis. Methods: In Zambia, Uganda and Tanzania 670 pigs were screened for T. solium infection. Cysts were prepared by `shaking method´ and 'washing method'. Generated crude antigens were applied in a standard western blot assay. Results: 46 out of 670 pigs (6.9%) were found positive for T. solium (Zambia: 12/367, 3.3%; Uganda: 11/217, 5.1%; Tanzania 23/86, 26.7%). Mean values of 77.7 ml whole cysts, 61.8 ml scolices/membranes and 10.9 ml cyst fluid were obtained per pig. Suitability of collected material for the use as crude antigen and molecular diagnostic techniques was demonstrated.Conclusion: This study clearly shows that T. solium cyst preparation in African settings by simple field methods constitutes an effective way to obtain high quality material as source for diagnostic tools and research purposes.

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“…In these conditions, steroids should be administered alone and later may be combined with anthelmintics drugs. In intraparenchymal active NCC without signs of increased intracranial pressure, steroids should be administered simultaneously with anthelmintic treatment, at least for the first week [13,1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Treatment of Neurocysticercosis

Chaurasia¹

2015

Int J Neurorehabilitation Eng

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Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 38 publications

References 108 publications

Neurocysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of prevalence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management

Neurocysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of prevalence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management

Taenia solium metacestode preparation in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa: a source for diagnosis and research on cysticercosis

Treatment of Neurocysticercosis

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