Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy

Bruck, Isac; Antoniuk, Sérgio Antônio; Spessatto, Adriane; de, Ricardo Schmitt; Hausberger, Romeu; Pacheco, Carlos

doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2001000100008

Cited by 66 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…24 In this study, history of epilepsy in the family was not proven to be a risk factor for epilepsy in spastic CP children. Kulak et al and bruck et al 15 showed different result that may due to information bias about the history of epilepsy in the family in this study. This could happen because of the low education level of parents which causes limited knowledge of epilepsy.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…In this study, epilepsy was found in 50% and 38% subjects with spastic hemiplegia and spastic quadriplegia CP, respectively. bruck et al 15 found a higher prevalence of epilepsy in spastic CP children (62%). This might be due to the higher number of epilepsy found in the spastic hemiplegia (70.6%) and spastic quadriplegia (66.1%) patients compared to this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…literatures stated that severe motoric dysfunction in a CP patients would increase the risk of developing epilepsy. Kulak et al 7 and bruck et al 15 reported that severity of CP played a significant role in the development of epilepsy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Rahmat

Mangunatmadja

Tridjaja

et al. 2016

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Background epilepsy in cerebral palsy (CP) is usually difficult to treat and can lead to poor prognosis due to increased risk for motor and cognitive disorders. The prevalence and risk factors of epilepsy in children with CP vary among studies. Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in spastic CP. Methods We performed a retrospective study using medical records of patients with spastic CP at the Departement of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2003 until December 2008. Prevalence ratio was calculated by comparing the prevalence of epilepsy in subjects with and without risk factors. We excluded patients with metabolic disorder, genetic syndrome, and onset of CP after 3 years of age. Results Two hundred thirty six out of 238 spastic CP patients were analyzed. The mean age at diagnosis of spastic CP was 28.8 months. male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The prevalence of epilepsy in spastic CP was 39%. The risk factors for epilepsy in spastic CP were central nervous system infection, the ocurrence of seizure in the first year of life, and abnormality of eeG. Conclusions The prevalence of epilepsy in spastic CP is 39%. The risk factors for epilepsy in spastic CP are post central nervous system infection, and ocurrence of seizure in the first year of life.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Rahmat

Mangunatmadja

Tridjaja

et al. 2016

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“…Carlsson et al reported epilepsy in 38% of 146 Swedish children with cerebral palsy, and found that epilepsy was more common in children with cognitive disability [7]. Bruck et al looked at 100 children with cerebral palsy with at least 2 years of follow-up data, and found an overall epilepsy rate of 62%, with a rate of 71% in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy [8]. Zafeiriou et al found an overall epilepsy rate of 36% in 178 consecutive patients with cerebral palsy, with a rate of 42% in patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Cerebral Palsy With Other Disabilities in Children With Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke

Golomb

Saha

Garg

et al. 2007

Pediatric Neurology

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The association of cerebral palsy with other disability in children with perinatal stroke has not been well-studied. We examined this association in 111 children with perinatal stroke, 67 with neonatal presentation and 44 with delayed presentation. Seventy-six children (68%) had cerebral palsy, which was hemiplegic in 66 and tri-or quadriplegic in 10. Fifty-five (72%) of the children with cerebral palsy had at least one other disability: 45 (59%) had cognitive/speech impairment which was moderate-severe in 20, and 36 (47%) had epilepsy which was moderate-severe in 11. In children with neonatal presentation, cerebral palsy was associated with epilepsy (0.0076) and cognitive impairment (0.0001); these associations could not be tested in children with delayed presentation because almost all children in this group had cerebral palsy. In another analysis with multivariate logistic regression for children with cerebral palsy, children who had both neonatal presentation and a history of cesarean section delivery were more likely to have epilepsy (p=0.001). Children with cerebral palsy after perinatal stroke who had neonatal presentation were more likely to have severe cognitive impairment (OR 7.78; or severe epilepsy (OR 6.64;) than children with delayed presentation. Children with cerebral palsy after perinatal stroke are likely to have additional disability; those with neonatal presentation are more likely to have severe disability. These findings will help pediatricians in planning long-term rehabilitative care.

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“…In 54 children (62%), a physician diagnosis of cerebral palsy was recorded in the medical record. Children who presented with stroke during the neonatal period were more likely to have multiple infarcts (29% vs 3%, p 5 0.001), were younger when they began walking (median age of 13 [IQR 10-17] vs 16 [IQR [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] months, p 5 0.04), and were less likely to have a cerebral palsy diagnosis recorded (50% vs 85%, p 5 0.001) (table e-2). Otherwise, demographics, birth history, and years of follow-up were similar between the 2 groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal seizures triple the risk of a remote seizure after perinatal ischemic stroke

et al. 2016

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Objectives: To determine incidence rates and risk factors of remote seizure after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke. Methods:We retrospectively identified a population-based cohort of children with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (presenting acutely or in a delayed fashion) from a large Northern Californian integrated health care system. We determined incidence and predictors of a remote seizure (unprovoked seizure after neonatal period, defined as 28 days of life) by survival analyses, and measured epilepsy severity in those with active epilepsy ($1 remote seizure and maintenance anticonvulsant treatment) at last follow-up.Results: Among 87 children with perinatal stroke, 40 (46%) had a seizure in the neonatal period.During a median follow-up of 7.1 years (interquartile range 3.2-10.5), 37 children had $1 remote seizure. Remote seizure risk was highest during the first year of life, with a 20% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13%-30%) cumulative incidence by 1 year of age, 46% (CI 35%-58%) by 5 years, and 54% (CI 41%-67%) by 10 years. Neonatal seizures increased the risk of a remote seizure (hazard ratio 2.8, CI 1.3-5.8). Children with neonatal seizures had a 69% (CI 48%-87%) cumulative incidence of remote seizure by age 10 years. Among the 24 children with active epilepsy at last follow-up, 8 (33%) were having monthly seizures despite an anticonvulsant and 7 (29%) were on more than one anticonvulsant.Conclusions: Remote seizures and epilepsy, including medically refractory epilepsy, are common after perinatal stroke. Neonatal seizures are associated with nearly 3-fold increased remote seizure risk. Neurology ® 2016;86:2179-2186 GLOSSARY AIS 5 arterial ischemic stroke; CI 5 confidence interval; HR 5 hazard ratio; ICD-9 5 International Classification of Diseases-9; IQR 5 interquartile range; KPNC 5 Kaiser Permanente Northern California; PPIS 5 presumed perinatal ischemic stroke.Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) occurs in 1 in 4,000 term births and is an important cause of childhood epilepsy.1 In some newborns, an ischemic brain injury is initially unrecognized and only diagnosed later during development when a hemiparesis becomes clinically apparent or a remote symptomatic seizure occurs. This subset often receives a diagnosis of presumed perinatal ischemic stroke (PPIS), which refers to a stroke presumed to have occurred in the perinatal period because of a chronic focal infarction on neuroimaging.2 Stroke that is clinically apparent in the neonatal period may differ from PPIS. Seizures during the neonatal period are perhaps the most notable factor differentiating these groups, and are reported in about 75%-90% of infants diagnosed with stroke during the perinatal period.3-5 Neonatal seizures of any cause may confer a long-term risk of postnatal epilepsy. An estimated 10%-20% of neonates with seizures from any cause will go on to have further seizures in childhood. 6 Our objective was to measure the incidence rate and risk factors for a first remote seizure after perinatal AIS utilizing a previo...

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Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy

Cited by 66 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Association of Cerebral Palsy With Other Disabilities in Children With Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke

Neonatal seizures triple the risk of a remote seizure after perinatal ischemic stroke

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