Epileptic seizure frequency and semiology in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy after initiation of imepitoin or phenobarbital monotherapy

Stabile, Fabio; Dijk, Jan van; Barnett, C.R.; Risio, Luisa De

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.05.007

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the current study, 11% of the dogs were aggressive and 5% hyperactive after LEV treatment. The incidence of these two behavioral factors is comparable with other AEDs used in veterinary medicine (20,(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). A study in human medicine performed by White et al (14) showed that 38 of the 553 patients were forced to LEV discontinuation due to behavioral side effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Behavioral Changes Under Levetiracetam Treatment in Dogs

et al. 2020

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In veterinary medicine levetiracetam (LEV) is a well-tolerated antiepileptic drug (AED) with only mild to moderate side effects. Behavioral changes are rarely reported in animals. In contrast, in human medicine the impact of LEV on behavior has frequently been described. Since in the Clinic for Small Animals at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover single canine patients were observed with behavioral abnormalities after LEV treatment, it was hypothesized that levetiracetam induces behavioral changes or causes an intensifying of pre-existing behavioral abnormalities in dogs with epileptic seizures. This monocentric retrospective study evaluated the incidence of behavioral changes in epileptic dogs treated with the antiepileptic drug LEV based on information obtained in a questionnaire completed by dog owners. Eighty-four client-owned dogs with recurrent seizures receiving LEV as monotherapy, add on treatment or pulse therapy met inclusion criteria. Approximately half of the dogs in the study population were reported to have preexisting behavioral changes before treatment with LEV, and some of these dogs were reported to experience a worsening of behavioral changes (14/44) or the emergence of new behaviors after initiation of LEV therapy (4/44). One quarter of the dogs without pre-existing behavioral abnormalities developed behavioral changes associated with the administration of LEV (10/40). Based on these results, the authors conclude that behavioral changes can occur in dogs being administered LEV, and this should be taken into consideration when discussing treatment options with owners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Reported side effects for phenobarbital are aggression, restlessness and hyperactivity (20,(38)(39)(40). Imepitoin may also cause behavioral changes such as hyperactivity and aggression (41)(42)(43)(44). Moreover, potassium bromide is also reported to cause these two behavioral changes (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Changes Under Levetiracetam Treatment in Dogs

et al. 2020

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“…As a low affinity partial agonist, imepitoin may decrease the potential for the development of tolerance and other adverse effects. Indeed, imepitoin is approved in several countries (including the European Union and United Kingdom) for long‐term use in the treatment of canine epilepsy, with dogs remaining on treatment for months to years 15–17 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Pexion^® (imepitoin) for treatment of storm anxiety in dogs: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

et al. 2021

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Background: While often grouped with other noise aversions, fearful behaviour during storms is considered more complex than noise aversion alone. The objective here was to assess the effect of imepitoin for the treatment of storm anxiety in dogs. Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study, eligible dogs completed a baseline then were randomised to receive either imepitoin (n = 30; 30 mg/kg BID) or placebo (n = 15) for 28 days. During storms, owners rated their dog's intensity for 16 behaviours using a Likert scale. Weekly, owners rated intensity and frequency of these behaviours. Summary scores were compared to baseline and between groups. Results and Conclusions: Imepitoin was significantly superior to placebo in storm logs and weekly surveys for weeks 2 and 4, and in the end-of-study survey. Mild/moderate adverse events were reported in 26 patients (24 active: two placebo); the most frequent adverse event was ataxia. Owners of dogs in the imepitoin group, compared to placebo, were significantly more likely to report that treatment reduced their dogs fear and anxiety during storms (p < 0.001) and other noise events (p < 0.001). Twice daily administration of imepitoin decreased anxiety scores in dogs with storm anxiety. Future work may evaluate optimal dosage regimens.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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“…[20][21][22][23] Similarly, the fact that dogs often are started on an antiseizure drug (ASD) before AEEG is performed may change the probability of recording epileptic discharges on AEEG. 24,25 Our objective was to evaluate the use of sedation/GA or ASD treatment for electrode placement before recording as confounding factors for not achieving a diagnosis on AEEG in dogs presenting for paroxysmal episodes. We hypothesized that sedation/GA for electrode placement or use of an ASD may change the probability of establishing a diagnosis on AEEG and may delay the time taken to observe at least 1 abnormality or episode during the recording.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some drugs used for sedation also may have some anti‐ or proepileptic effects that could affect the diagnostic capability of AEEG 20‐23 . Similarly, the fact that dogs often are started on an antiseizure drug (ASD) before AEEG is performed may change the probability of recording epileptic discharges on AEEG 24,25 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of prior general anesthesia or sedation and antiseizure drugs on the diagnostic utility of wireless video electroencephalography in dogs

Parmentier

Monteith

Cortez

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Ambulatory wireless video electroencephalography (AEEG) is the method of choice to discriminate epileptic seizures from other nonepileptic episodes. However, the influence of prior general anesthesia (GA), sedation, or antiseizure drug (ASD) on the diagnostic ability of AEEG is unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives: The use of sedation/GA or ASD treatment before AEEG recording may affect the diagnostic ability of AEEG and the time to first abnormality on AEEG. Animals: A total of 108 client-owned dogs undergoing ambulatory AEEG for paroxysmal episodes. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Proportions of diagnostic AEEG and time to first abnormality were compared between dogs that received sedation/GA or neither for instrumentation as well as dogs receiving at least 1 ASD and untreated dogs. Results: Ambulatory EEG was diagnostic in 60.2% of all dogs including 49% of the sedation/GA dogs and 68% of dogs that received neither (odds ratio [OR], 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-5.00; P = .05). The AEEG was diagnostic in 51% of dogs receiving at least 1 ASD and 66% of untreated dogs (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 0.9-4.3; P = .11). No difference was found in time to first abnormality between sedation/GA or neither or ASD-treated or untreated dogs (P = .1 and P = .3 respectively). Ninetyfive percent of dogs had at least 1 abnormality within 277 minutes. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Sedation/GA and concurrent ASD administration were not identified as confounding factors for decreasing AEEG diagnostic capability nor did they delay the time to first abnormality. A 4-hour minimal recording period is recommended.

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Epileptic seizure frequency and semiology in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy after initiation of imepitoin or phenobarbital monotherapy

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Behavioral Changes Under Levetiracetam Treatment in Dogs

Behavioral Changes Under Levetiracetam Treatment in Dogs

Evaluation of Pexion^® (imepitoin) for treatment of storm anxiety in dogs: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

Effect of prior general anesthesia or sedation and antiseizure drugs on the diagnostic utility of wireless video electroencephalography in dogs

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Epileptic seizure frequency and semiology in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy after initiation of imepitoin or phenobarbital monotherapy

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Behavioral Changes Under Levetiracetam Treatment in Dogs

Behavioral Changes Under Levetiracetam Treatment in Dogs

Evaluation of Pexion® (imepitoin) for treatment of storm anxiety in dogs: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

Effect of prior general anesthesia or sedation and antiseizure drugs on the diagnostic utility of wireless video electroencephalography in dogs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Evaluation of Pexion^® (imepitoin) for treatment of storm anxiety in dogs: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial