Epimedium koreanum Nakai inhibits PMA-induced cancer cell migration and invasion by modulating NF-κB/MMP-9 signaling in monomorphic malignant human glioma cells

Abstract

Previously, we showed that the herbal extract EYK (Epimedium koreanum Nakai) can regulate the immune response. Other studies showed that EYK has beneficial effects in human lung cancer, angiogenesis and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unknown whether EYK can affect cancer cell migration and invasion in human brain cancer cell lines. In the present study, we found that pre- or post-treatment with EYK inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced cancer cell migration and invasion in A172 cells, but not in U373MG or T98G cells. Additionally, pre- or post-treatment with PMA followed by EYK decreased MMP-9 activity in A172 cells. Moreover, treatment with a NF-κB inhibitor significantly decreased cell migration in A172 cells pre- or post-treated with EYK and PMA, suggesting that EYK requires NF-κB to alter cancer cell migration. Either pre- or post-treatment with EYK significantly decreased NF-κB nuclear translocation in comparison with PMA treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that EYK suppresses PMA-induced cancer cell migration in monomorphic malignant human glioma cells by downregulating the NF-κB pathway and decreasing MMP-9 activity.

Separate administration of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and phorbol myristate acetate at early and late stages decreases secondary brain injury following intracerebral haemorrhage in rats via the NF-κB pathway

“…PMA promotes NF-κB activation [10,24,25]. As a cytoplasmic enzyme, protein kinase C (PKC) participates in intracellular biochemical responses and regulates nuclear transcription factors such as NF-κB.…”

“…Therefore, we concluded that both p65 inhibition at the early stage and c-Rel promotion at the late stage might reduce apoptosis more effectively. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is an activator of NF-κB [10,24,25]. In this study, we administered PDTC at the early stage and PMA at the late stage after ICH, and then detected changes in NF-κB activation, subunit expression, apoptosis, and apoptotic factors.…”

Anti-Carcinogenic Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Antagonistic Effects on Prevention of Cancers

“…BITC prevent the blood cancer cell proliferation by blocking the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and c-jun N -terminal kinase (JNK) preceded cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) suppression [ 45 ]. Lee et al (2017) showed that ITCs inhibit the C6 giloma cells by downregulating the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/JNK-mediated matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) expression [ 46 ]. Tang et al (2015) showed that BITC treatment inhibits the proliferation of blood cancer cells was correlated with a decrease in the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear transcription factors (TFs) [ 47 ].…”

Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the protective effect of Epimedii Folium extract on cisplatin-induced intestinal injury in mice

“…Hence, it is applied to prevent and treat sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, rheumatism, neurasthenia, chronic nephritis, and cardiovascular diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have proved that Epimedii Folium has a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant ( Zhang et al, 2013 ), anti-inflammatory ( Saba et al, 2020 ), anti-osteoporotic ( Indran et al, 2016 ), antitumor ( Song et al, 2014 ), anti-atherosclerosis ( Xiao et al, 2017 ), neuroprotection ( Wu et al, 2017 ), improving sexual function ( Gu et al, 2018 ), and enhancing immune function ( Lee et al, 2017 ). The intestinal tract is the most important immune organ and natural barrier, which can prevent pathogens, toxins, and other harmful substances from entering the circulation through the intestine and ensure a stable environment ( Groschwitz and Hogan, 2009 ).…”