Epinephrine, vasopressin, and nitroglycerin improve neurologic outcome in porcine asphyxial cardiac arrest

Varvarousi, Giolanda; Goulas, Sotirios; Agrogiannis, George; Valsamakis, Nikolaos A.; Iliopoulos, Dimitrios; Perrea, Despina; Stefanadis, Christodoulos; Papadimitriou, Lila; Xanthos, Theodoros

doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2012.01.008

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The experimental group was injected with 20 μg/kg b.w. NE in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) and the control group with ACSF alone. All the injections started at 10:00 am .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LIM homeobox transcription factor Isl1 is required for melatonin synthesis in the pig pineal gland

Zhang

Qiu

Zhou

et al. 2018

Journal of Pineal Research

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Melatonin is a key hormone that regulates circadian rhythms, metabolism, and reproduction. However, the mechanisms of melatonin synthesis and secretion have not been fully defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions of the LIM homeobox transcription factor Isl1 in regulating melatonin synthesis and secretion in porcine pineal gland. We found that Isl1 is highly expressed in the melatonin-producing cells in the porcine pineal gland. Further functional studies demonstrate that Isl1 knockdown in cultured primary porcine pinealocytes results in the decline of melatonin and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) mRNA levels by 29.2% and 72.2%, respectively, whereas Isl1 overexpression raised by 1.3-fold and 2.7-fold. In addition, the enhancing effect of norepinephrine (NE) on melatonin synthesis was abolished by Isl1 knockdown. The in vivo intracerebroventricular NE injections upregulate Isl1 mRNA and protein levels by about threefold and 4.5-fold in the porcine pineal gland. We then examined the changes in Isl1 expression in the pineal gland and global melatonin levels throughout the day. The results show that Isl1 protein level at 24:00 is 2.5-fold higher than that at 12:00, which is parallel to melatonin levels. We further found that Isl1 increases the activity of AANAT promoter, and the effect of NE on Isl1 expression was blocked by an ERK inhibitor. Collectively, the results presented here demonstrate that Isl1 positively modulates melatonin synthesis by targeting AANAT, via the ERK signaling pathway of NE. These suggest that Isl1 plays important roles in maintaining the daily circadian rhythm.

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“…The experimental group was injected with 20 μg/kg b.w. NE in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) and the control group with ACSF alone. All the injections started at 10:00 am .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LIM homeobox transcription factor Isl1 is required for melatonin synthesis in the pig pineal gland

Zhang

Qiu

Zhou

et al. 2018

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…The interpretation of this trial is complicated as the two arms received various combinations of four different drugs during and after cardiac arrest. Other promising drug combinations are epinephrine and glycerylnitrate [49]; vasopressin, epinephrine and glycerylnitrate [50]; epinephrine, vasopressin and levosimedane [51]; or sodium nitroprusside and epinephrine [52], which all have shown promising results in experimental animal models. The drug cocktail studied in this trial is tailored to the in-hospital cardiac arrest cohort, where the causes of arrest differ from the more common out-of-hospital cardiac arrests [1,2].…”

Section: Combination Of Vasoactive Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation without vasoactive drugs

Sunde

Olasveengen

2014

Current Opinion in Critical Care

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There is currently no evidence to support any specific drugs during cardiac arrest. Good-quality CPR, early defibrillation and goal-directed postresuscitation care is more important. Healthcare systems should not prioritize implementation of unproven drugs before good quality of care can be documented. More drug studies are indeed required, and future research needs to incorporate better diagnostic tools to test more specific and tailored therapies that account for underlying causes and individual responsiveness.

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Recent evidence suggests that ventricular fibrillation (VF) is more common than was originally believed in the setting of out-of-hospital asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA), 11 while it is becoming a more frequent presenting arrest rhythm to emergency departments. 12,13 Moreover, the incidence of VF in pediatric cardiac arrest varies between 4 and 23%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraarrest Rhythms and Rhythm Conversion in Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest

Varvarousi

Chalkias

Stefaniotou

et al. 2015

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Objectives:The objective was to analyze the cardiac arrest rhythms presenting during asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA).Methods: Asphyxial cardiac arrest was induced in 30 Landrace large white piglets, aged 12 to 15 weeks and with a mean (AESD) weight of 20 (AE2) kg. After the onset of cardiac arrest, the animals were left untreated for 4 minutes, after which cardiopulmonary resuscitation was commenced. Heart rhythms were monitored from the onset of asphyxia until return of spontaneous circulation or death.

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Epinephrine, vasopressin, and nitroglycerin improve neurologic outcome in porcine asphyxial cardiac arrest

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

LIM homeobox transcription factor Isl1 is required for melatonin synthesis in the pig pineal gland

LIM homeobox transcription factor Isl1 is required for melatonin synthesis in the pig pineal gland

Towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation without vasoactive drugs

Intraarrest Rhythms and Rhythm Conversion in Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest

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