Epiphytism differences in Gelidiella acerosa cultivated with floating rafts and concrete blocks

Ganesan, M.; Selvaraj, K.; Chithra, K.; S, Sirajudeen K. N.

doi:10.1007/s10811-014-0279-5

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The annual harvests of G. acerosa in the Gulf of Mannar in 2003–2012 yielded 1100–1500 t resulting in 50–90 t of agar (Ganesan et al 2014). G. acerosa is also abundant in areas of the Philippines (Rollon et al 2003) and Thailand (Fujimoto et al 2014), but we were not able to gather any information on a putative harvest.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global shortage of technical agars: back to basics (resource management)

Santos

Melo

2018

J Appl Phycol

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Bacteriological and technical agars are in short supply with potential consequences for research, public health, and clinical labs around the world. To diagnose bottlenecks and sustainability problems that may be putting the industry at risk, we analyzed the available time series for the global landings of Gelidium, the most important raw materials for the industry. Data on the harvest of Gelidium spp. have been reported since1912, when Japan was the only producer. After World War II the diversification of harvested species and producing countries resulted in a strong increase in global landings. Maximum harvest yields of almost 60,000 t year−1 in the 1960s were sustained until the 1980s, after which landings decreased continuously to the present. In the 2010s, a reduction in the global production to about 25,000 t year−1 was observed, which was lower than the yields of the 1950s. Landings by important producers such as Japan, Korea, Spain, and Portugal have collapsed. This is the ultimate cause of the present shortage of bacteriological and technical agars. However, an important factor at play is the concentration of the global landings of Gelidium in Morocco, as its relative contribution increased from 23% in the 1960s to the present 82%. Two specific bottlenecks were identified: restrictive export quotas of unprocessed Gelidium in favor of the national agar industry and resource management regulations that were apparently not enforced resulting in over-harvesting and resource decline. The global industry may well be dependent on resource management basics. Simple harvest statistics must be gathered such as the harvest effort and the variation of harvest yields along the harvest season. We discuss how this information is fundamental to manage the resource. The available harvest statistics are generally poor and limited and vary significantly among different sources of data. Probable confusions between dry and wet weight reporting and poor discrimination of the species harvested need to be resolved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global shortage of technical agars: back to basics (resource management)

Santos

Melo

2018

J Appl Phycol

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“…2. Epiphyte spores may continually attach to the ropes through water transmission (Ganesan et al (2015)). 1.…”

Section: Controlling the Pests Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, longer air exposure prior to the deployment stage led to tip bleaching and thallus fragmentation in the early cultivation period. Equipment, particularly ropes, was also highlighted as high risk for introducing or spreading the causative agents of the ice-ice syndrome and pests on the farm (Ganesan et al 2015;Tsiresy et al 2016). The use of natural disinfectant processes, such as sun-drying for farm equipment and ropes is, therefore, recommended to de-activate the pathogenic organisms (Rodgers et al 2015;Georgiades et al 2016), and to reduce the operational costs of buying new equipment (Department of Standards Malaysia 2012).…”

Section: Farm Risks Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the grow-out phase, this study recommends the removal of infected thallus and pests, and their disposal in landfill and not into the adjacent water, as usually practiced by the farmer. This biosecurity measure should be considered as a high priority in farm management to avoid the likelihood of spreading pathogenic agents to other parts of the farm or underlying sediment (Pang et al 2015;Ganesan et al 2015;Arasamuthu and Edward 2018;Campbell et al 2019). In addition, the farmers often re-used the healthy part of the infected and bleached thalli as new propagules for the next cycle without any detection measures (Farmer, M. Bangkoko, pers.…”

Section: Farm Risks Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seaweed aquaculture: a preliminary assessment of biosecurity measures for controlling the ice-ice syndrome and pest outbreaks of a Kappaphycus farm

et al. 2021

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The application of biosecurity in seaweed aquaculture plays an important role in reducing the impact of disease and pest outbreaks. The continuous occurrence of seaweed pests including the macroalgal epiphytes, epi-endophytic filamentous algae and biofilms on Kappaphycus farms may also potentially induce further incidences of the ice-ice syndrome. In this study, on-farm biosecurity management measures were tested on the commercially grown seaweeds Kappaphycus malesianus and Kappaphycus alvarezii during peak ice-ice season at Gallam-Gallam Village, Sabah, Malaysia. The investigation was focused on preventative control measures including the early detection of the ice-ice syndrome and pests through propagule health checks, regular cleaning of the crop thallus and associated long-line ropes and monitoring of the environment. Farm procedures and practices were also assessed in terms of their biosecurity ‘risk’ using the hazard analysis and critical control point (HCCAP) approach. Observations were replicated in two different farm management systems; one system adopted routine biosecurity measures and the other had no biosecurity measures. The results showed that the ice-ice syndrome and pest outbreak was significantly decreased by 60–75% for K. malesianus and 29–71% for K. alvarezii at the farm which adopted the routine biosecurity measures compared with the no biosecurity treatment. The biosecurity measures also significantly improved growth rate and seaweed quality. The infection levels of the epi-endophyte Melanothamnus sp. contributed to the ice-ice syndrome in K. malesianus, whilst the epiphyte coverage was correlated to the ice-ice incidence in K. alvarezii. This study provides the first evidence of biosecurity management measures significantly decreasing the incidence of the ice-ice syndrome and pests on a commercial seaweed farm.

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“…Epiphytism is a major problem in seaweed cultivation, especially with use of fertilisers. The types and occurrence of epiphytes on Gelidiella acerosa, a red seaweed that is a source of agar, were monitored on two planting systems, namely floating raft with lines and bottom concrete block seeded with plants (Ganesan et al, 2015). Although the number of epiphytes did not differ, the composition and density were significantly different between the two planting systems.…”

Section: Techno-economic Considerations In Seaweed Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economics of Seaweed Farming Along the Coasts of Kelantan, East Coast Peninsular Malaysia

Phang¹,

Yeong²,

Hussin³

et al. 2017

MJS

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A Grand Challenge programme was initiated at the University of Malaya under the Equitable Society Research Cluster, to introduce seaweed farming to the coastal communities at Bachok district, Kelantan. Cultivation trials of selected commercial seaweeds like Kappaphycus (source of carrageenan), Gracilaria (source of agar), Gelidium (source of agar and pulp) and Ulva (salad) will be conducted using onshore and offshore systems, and the data collected is used for the techno-economics analysis. This paper discusses the techno-economics of various cultivation systems, as well as the importance of community empowerment, as a guide to the formulation of a roadmap for the integration of seaweed farming into the Bachok coastal communities. Abstrak Satu Program Grand Challenge telah dimulakan dibawah Kluster Penyelidikan Equitable Society di Universiti Malaya bagi memperkenalkan pengkulturan rumpair laut kepada komuniti persisiran pantai di daerah Bachok, Kelantan. Percubaan pengkulturan rumpair laut terpilih seperti Kappaphycus (sumber carrageenan), Gracilaria (sumber agar), Gelidium (sumber agar dan pulpa) dan Ulva (salad) akan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan sistem tepi pantai (on-shore) dan luar pantai (off-shore), dan data-data yang dikumpulkan ini digunakan dalam analisis tekno-ekonomi. Makalah ini membincangkan teknoekonomi bagi pelbagai sistem pengkulturan serta kepentingan pemberdayaan komuniti, sebagai panduan kepada perumusan pelan hala tuju untuk mengintegrasikan pengkulturan rumpair laut ke komuniti pesisiran pantai Bachok.

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Epiphytism differences in Gelidiella acerosa cultivated with floating rafts and concrete blocks

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Global shortage of technical agars: back to basics (resource management)

Global shortage of technical agars: back to basics (resource management)

Seaweed aquaculture: a preliminary assessment of biosecurity measures for controlling the ice-ice syndrome and pest outbreaks of a Kappaphycus farm

Techno-Economics of Seaweed Farming Along the Coasts of Kelantan, East Coast Peninsular Malaysia

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