Epiretinal membranes in patients with uveitis: an update on the current state of management

Abstract

Purpose This review aims to summarize the current knowledge concerning the clinical features, diagnostic work-up, and therapeutic approach of uveitic epiretinal membranes (ERM). Methods A thorough investigation of the literature was conducted using the PubMed database. Additionally, a complementary search was carried out on Google Scholar to ensure the inclusion of all relevant items in the collection. Results ERM is an abnormal layer at the vitreoretinal interface, resulting from myofibroblastic cell proliferation along the inner surface of the central retina, causing visual impairment. Known by various names, ERM has diverse causes, including idiopathic or secondary factors, with ophthalmic imaging techniques like OCT improving detection. In uveitis, ERM occurrence is common, and surgical intervention involves pars plana vitrectomy with ERM peeling, although debates persist on optimal approaches. Conclusions Histopathological studies and OCT advancements improved ERM understanding, revealing a diverse group of diseases without a unified model. Consensus supports surgery for uveitic ERM in progressive cases, but variability requires careful consideration and effective inflammation management. OCT biomarkers, deep learning, and surgical advances may enhance outcomes, and medical interventions and robotics show promise for early ERM intervention.